唐苏同家族墓出土陶质彩绘天王俑胎体的科学分析

In April 2021, several exquisitely decorated figurines of Heavenly Kings were unearthed from the Tang Dynasty tombs of Su Tong's family in Xianyang, Shanxi Province. However, for each figurine, the outer side was unevenly red and black, and the center and interior of the body black, and the mechanical properties extremely poor (disintegrated by water). To scientifically restore and conserve the polychrome pottery figurines of Heavenly Kings, we carried out scientific analyses of their materials and their firing process. The composition, structure, firing temperature and mechanical properties of the figurine remnants were determined and analyzed using an X-ray fluorescence spectrometer, an X-ray diffractometer, a simultaneous thermal analyzer, a thermal dilatometer, an X - ray photoelectron spectrometer, a universal testing machine and a hardness tester. The experimental results show that 1) the figurines were made of fusible clay containing quartz, albite, calcite, muscovite, clinochlore and other minerals; 2) the figurines were sintered between 300 ~400 °C in an oxidizing atmosphere, the internal sintering degree being lower than that of the external surface and the uneven atmosphere leading to the differences in color among various parts of a figurine ； 3 ) the mechanical strength of the figurines was low, with a flexural strength of about 2 MPa and a hardness of 54 〜71 HD. The study provides a scientific basis for the effective conservation and reasonable preservation of the polychrome pottery figurines of Heavenly Kings and of other similar kinds of cultural relics. © 2023, Sciences of Conservation and Archaeology. All Rights Reserved.     

文物修复用脱色剂对手工纸耐久性的影响

在文物保护与修复工作中,需要对纸张进行脱色处理以除去部分顽固污渍、霉斑。本研究选取了六种不同类型的脱色剂,探究脱色处理对宣纸、皮纸、竹纸等几类传统手工纸样老化后各项理化性能的影响,揭示了各类脱色剂对不同纸种耐久性影响存在较大差异。研究表明,氧化性脱色剂与还原性脱色剂均会使纸张各项理化性能出现一定程度的下降。整体上,使用的脱色剂氧化性越强,纸张微观纤维受损越严重,脱色前后宏观性能下降幅度越大,而还原性脱色处理对纸张各项理化性能影响较小。在纸质文物修复脱色时,选择合适的脱色剂,可以有效减小文物损伤。     

纸质文物辐照消毒研究进展

纸张是人类历史文化信息的重要载体,纸质文物的妥善保存是文明延续的一部分。纸制品在使用及存储期间,除发生自然老化外,还受到以真菌为主的微生物损害,因此纸张消毒处理是保护过程中的重要步骤。本文总结了微生物对纸制品的危害以及常用的化学和物理消毒方法,重点介绍了电离辐射对纸制品消毒的成效,并分析了辐照对纸张机械性能、颜色和聚合度等方面的影响。     

新时期文化发展战略的演变

改革开放30年来,我国文化发展战略的演变以中共十五大为界可划分为两个发展时期:前期从1978年到1996年,文化发展战略以精神文明建设为主导;后期从1997年中共十五大召开至今,文化发展战略在强调精神文明建设的同时,更加重视提升国家综合实力和文化软实力。这一发展历程表明,改革开放以来,执政党和全社会的文化自觉意识明显提高,文化建设的着力点已从强调政治思想教育转变为满足人民群众的基本文化权益和文化需求,文化的内涵和外延进一步扩大,文化认知达到新的高度。新时期我国文化发展战略的演变是建设中国特色社会主义的需要,是应对全球化浪潮的必然结果,也是适应新科技革命时代的自我调整。     

In-Plane Seismic Response Analyses of a Historical Brick Masonry Building Using Equivalent Frame and 3D FEM Modeling Approaches

ABSTRACT

This article aims at contributing to the seismic performance assessment of a historic brick masonry building by finding a strength reduction coefficient through the use of linear and nonlinear modeling approaches, using Finite Element Method and Equivalent Frame modeling. To reduce the uncertainties, ambient vibration tests (AVT) were implemented. Series of simulations was performed using nonlinear dynamic analyses and incremental dynamic analysis curves were compared with the pushover curves. Results indicate that the mass-proportional pushover curve meets the mean of results obtained from IDA and the strength reduction coefficient falls into the range given in EN 1998–1 for unreinforced masonry.