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司佳 《Frontiers of History in China》2009,4(3):340-357
Tracing the origin and circulation of the “jargon” spoken at Canton, the paper examines how “jargon” became an issue of Sino-foreign
communication conflicts in the early 19th century, and how Westerners responded to it. As a lingua franca spread extensively in the Canton trade, the so-called “jargon” (a pidgin form of patois) played an essential role as communication
tool between Chinese and foreign traders. However, in the eyes of missionaries in early 19th century China, the normal Sino-foreign contact process was interrupted and distorted by both parties’ overusing of the jargon.
In this regard, early Protestant missionaries’ support of Chinese language study reveals an initial effort to break through
the “jargon” barrier.
相似文献
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高度经济增长时期日本形成了银行中心的金融体系及企业治理机制。本文依据金融体系设计和构筑的经济学理论,对日本金融体系及企业治理机制需要转型的理由加以分析。基本结论是日本的银行中心金融体系已经劣化,需要向市场中心的金融体系转型。本文还分析了金融体系及企业治理机制转型的动向及存在的问题。 相似文献
115.
林乾 《中国边疆史地研究》2005,15(3):17-29
清朝在中国统一多民族国家形成和发展史上占有重要地位,它在继承并积极拓展以往治边政策的同时,将边疆民族管理纳入法制化、制度化轨道。本从从俗从宜与统一法制、规范内地与边疆民族之间的法律关系、宗教立法以安边抚众为重点等;个方面对清朝以法治边的情况进行了探讨。认为清朝以法治边取得了巨大成功,但其负面影响也不可低估。 相似文献
116.
Social scientists, geographers, criminologists, and health scientists are often tasked with finding data to best capture the impact of “community context” on individual outcomes, including residential services, physical resources, and social institutions. One outlet for such data in Canada is Digital Map Technologies Inc. (DMTI) Spatial, which offers a national repository of over one million businesses and recreational points of interest. The database is generated through CanMap Streetfiles, which includes geocodes of each point's precise location. These data are available to researchers from their university data library and Esri Canada, but primarily available to private sector and government markets. That said, the goal of the current paper is to encourage researchers to access this rich yet under-utilized data source. Each service, business, or resource in the DMTI Spatial database is assigned to a respective category using Standard Industrial Classification codes and North American Industrial Classification System codes. It is not clear, however, which is the more reliable coding criteria. We provide an overview of our review of DMTI Spatial data and take-away suggestions for using this valuable resource for future research on meso-level residential markers. 相似文献
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薄膜试片测试法是一种能够全面有效地对博物馆藏展材料进行评估筛选的测试方法,对其腐蚀现象进行图象采集及进行数据化分析能够得到更为客观准确的测试结果.本工作对应该测试法设计了专门图像采集的硬件装置,采用密闭光源和彩色工业摄像机,可以得到清晰的试片图像.软件系统将采集图像、打开原始图像、图像分割处理、材料分级评价等功能模块化,并根据具体功能设计实现了基本应用的可视化界面.实验表明,该系统能够快速、准确地对藏展材料对试片的腐蚀现象进行数据化分析,使藏展材料的评估分级由人工目测走向计算机视觉计算,具有快速、客观、误差小等特点. 相似文献
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广谱革命是20世纪60年代末期西方考古学者提出对旧石器时代晚期至新石器时代早期人类生计方式发生的显著变化的一种认识,它的意义在于导致了食物生产的开始。其一般使用系统分类对动植物资源进行研究,但这种分类体系对人类活动的敏感性不高。近年来,考古学者通过成本与收益对出土的动植物遗存进行等级分类。这种分类对人类活动具有敏感性,反映了史前人类劳动强度及人类与动植物关系的变化,从而为深入认识农业起源的动力、途径提供了可借鉴的模式。 相似文献
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人力股制度作为近代北京五金商铺所使用的一种核心激励机制,在实践过程中不断得到创新,其实质是通过物质利益推动或激励着员工的进取精神。本文主要就五金商铺人力股份的获得与变动、人力股制度的激励作用之表现及其历史功过等方面展开论述,以期深化对此制度的认识,同时为今天一些企业在因地制宜、灵活机动地进行激励机制的改革方面提供借鉴。 相似文献
120.
Siavash Soroushian Arash E. Zaghi E. “Manos” Maragakis Alicia Echevarria 《Journal of Earthquake Engineering》2014,18(7):1129-1150
Seismic damage to fire sprinkler piping systems is not only caused by inertial forces or interstory drifts, but also by impact with surrounding objects. The collision of constituents of piping systems with nearby objects increases the chance of damage to the piping itself and to adjacent objects. In this study, the probability of seismic damage to fire sprinkler systems due to impact is quantified by obtaining seismic fragility parameters for large diameter pipes passing through walls and floors, as well as small diameter pipes that typically interact with suspended ceilings. The results of two shaking table experiments conducted at the University of Nevada, Reno and E-Defense test facility, and a high-fidelity numerical model of a hospital piping system are used to evaluate the displacement demands. Piping interaction fragility curves are generated based on clearances between adjacent objects and pipes. The probability of piping interactions and damage to piping systems subjected to different levels of peak floor acceleration is compared for different clearances. It is found that the probability of damage due to impact is comparable with the probability of exceeding other limit states, like the leakage in fittings, when a 1 in or 2 in gap is provided around large and small diameter pipes, respectively. 相似文献