灾害、环境与慈善的相反相成:以乾隆朝直隶乡村社会保障建设为中心

乾隆十三年(1748年),乾隆因“粮政”政策受挫而要求建立义仓系统,试图利用义仓之名再次推动乡里民间积储体系建设。这种由依靠官仓向民仓转变的行为,是乾隆统治政策整体收敛并由“养民”向“教民”转变的一种体现。畿辅义仓体系很好实现了赈济和管制的完美结合,直隶的稳定成为头等重要的事。在全国废除留养资送制度的大背景下,唯有通过留养局体系,才能最大可能减少流民对京师的压力。留养局系统的设立是乾隆对现实的一种无奈妥协和让步。留养局的空间分布特征受交通、自然环境因素的影响。在乾隆十三年统治政策转变这一历史大背景下来看,直隶义仓、留养局系统的建立中,灾害、环境与慈善这三方面的因素以相反相成的形式交织在一起。     

杨森主黔原因探析

1944年12月,南京国民政府任命杨森为贵州省主席。杨森既非蒋介石嫡系,又非其同乡,却能够出掌贵州省政。究其原因,本文认为,南京国民政府主要考虑了巩固战时国防,加强地方建设,实现抗战建国目标;彻底解决西南地方势力,实现国家统一和杨森的个人经历及其与蒋介石的关系等几方面因素。     

河北省中南部新石器时代遗址分布与成因的探索

河北省中南部地区现今发现的新石器时代遗址多分布太行山东麓的低山河谷地带及山前洪积冲积平原区,东部平原发现的则很少,这一分布特点的形成极可能是平原地区深厚的黄土淤积及考古踏查的局限性造成的,广袤的河北平原也应是新石器时代人类的主要活动地区之一。     

Turquoise Mine and Artefact Correlation for Some Bronze Age Archaeological Sites in Hubei Province,China

In China, there are places that are rich in gem‐quality turquoise resources, including north‐west Hubei Province and the nearby Baihe County in Shaanxi Province, and many ancient mining sites, although the mining history remains a mystery. Based on the compositional data from reference samples of known deposits, a comparison of the major and trace element contents of archaeological turquoise may help with determination of artefact provenance. This paper discusses new evidence of provenance‐tracking of turquoise in this area, obtained from geochemical analyses using REE and other trace elements of 22 turquoises and their surrounding rock samples from six ancient mines and three archaeological sites. The results indicate that the three archaeological turquoises from the tomb of the Middle Spring and Autumn Period (580–560 bc ) and the Warring States Period (476–221 bc ) in Hubei Province were made of raw material from north‐west Hubei Province and the nearby Baihe County in Shaanxi Province. [Correction added on 29 October 2014, after first online publication: In the preceding sentence, the correct dates for the Middle Spring and Autumn Period, and the Warring States Period have been added]     

Violent histories and the ambivalences of recognition in postcolonial Papua New Guinea*

On the 23 July 2009, in a ceremony at the Bomana War Cemetery near Papua New Guinea’s capital city Port Moresby, 86-year-old Wesley Akove was awarded the first of a series of ‘Fuzzy Wuzzy Angel commemorative medallions’ given by the Australian government to PNG civilians who had assisted Australian troops during the Second World War. If the awarding of Mr Akove’s medallion is in many ways an archetypal enactment of the ‘politics of recognition’, consideration of three other instances of encounter between Orokaiva people in PNG’s Oro Province and Australian colonial forces disrupt the Fuzzy Wuzzy Angel trope on which this recognition ritual hinges. These encounters include the wartime executions of Orokaiva men by Australian forces, recent protests by landowners along the Kokoda Track and the murder of two European gold miners at the beginning of the twentieth century by Orokaiva warriors. Considered together, narratives about these encounters speak to an asymmetrical field of power in which Australia acts to control the terms and temporalities of the recognition it offers to wartime carriers and their descendants, enacting particular, contingent forms of relationality in ways that reproduce colonial hierarchies.     

发展中的甘肃博物馆事业

博物馆事业的质量和规模 ,是衡量一个国家和地区科学文化发展水平的重要标志之一。本文在对甘肃省博物馆事业的发展状况、取得的成绩、存在的问题进行分析论述的同时 ,提出了改进的意见和建议     

甘肃省博物馆藏佛教文物再探讨

本文对甘肃省博物馆及省内一些地县博物馆的部分佛教藏品作了简要的述评。     

山东省跨世纪人口增长模式研究

人口数量的巨大压力是当前区域人地关系失调从而制约可持续发展的重要原因。本文建立了年龄链式人口仿真模型,对山东省人口增长过程中存在的问题进行了分析,并对未来变化进行了仿真模拟。本文指出当前山东省人口仍处于高速增长时期,增长趋势将持续到下世纪20年代。本文提出了山东省跨世纪人口增长模式,即到2020年人口由快速增长模式向零增长模式过渡,总人口规模峰值出现在2020年左右,峰值人口可控制在一亿人以内,2020年后可选择适度负增长模式。     

1931年淮河流域水灾及其影响研究——以皖北地区为对象

1931年水灾是淮河流域百年罕见的洪涝灾害.此次水灾之兴,与连续的大强度、大范围的降水和残破的水利设施有关.水灾发生时,水利工程被毁,大片的土地被淹,房屋倒塌,人口死亡甚巨;水灾发生后,由于皖北地区自宋元以来形成的脆弱的社会生态环境的影响,以及国民政府的救济不力,灾区出现了土地荒芜、粮食短缺、物价飞涨、灾民无以聊生而四处流徙、疾疠和匪患猖獗等严重社会后果,极大地掣肘了皖北地区的社会经济发展.     

安徽省旅游业对经济增长拉动效应的实证研究——基于二维度与三指标的探讨

通过构建旅游业依存度、贡献率和拉动率三个指标,从时间和空间两个维度,本文探讨了安徽省旅游业对经济增长的拉动效应。结果表明,安徽省旅游业对经济增长的拉动效应逐渐加大;在中部六省中,安徽省旅游业拉动效应并不突出;在省域内部,各地市旅游业对经济增长拉动效应的空间非均衡现象较突出,且南强北弱的空间格局与旅游资源在等级上南高北低、景区在空间上“南热、中温、北冷”现状具有很强的共轭性。三个指标均具有相对性,当计算拉动效应时,应同时考虑区域尺度的因素。