Between Land and Water: Being a Settler at Ile-aux-Oies in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries

This paper first describes the particular environment represented by the middle estuary where Ile-aux-Oies lies. Secondly, it reconstructs an early French farming settlement on the basis of archaeological remains and demonstrates the place it occupies in this special environment. And thirdly, it places the process of adaptation and appropriation in a more global perspective through a discussion of our research in the light of Ian Hodder’s thesis on the domestication of space during the Neolithic Revolution in Europe.     

‘The development of higher urban life’ and the geographic imagination: beauty, art, and moral environmentalism in Toronto, 1900–1920

The existence of school art leagues in Toronto, which sought to use beauty and art in the public schools as a means of sensitizing children to aesthetics, can be explained through their ideational affiliation with the city beautification impulse. In Toronto, a chief proponent of city beautification and the link between city beauty and school art was the painter, city planner, and art educator, George Agnew Reid, who regarded city beauty as more than an exercise in urban cosmetics; city beautification relied on extant beliefs in the morality of beauty and its putative efficacy as a shaper of human behaviour in the city, especially the ennoblement of the working and immigrant classes. The resulting ‘moral environmentalism’ of beautification changes the way we should think about early city planning, ultimately revealing the geographical imaginations of those contributing to the moral environmentalist milieu.     

明代延绥镇长城的修筑及其地理意义

本文对明代延绥镇长城的"二边"和"大边"的修筑时间、地点、修筑者等问题进行了系统研究,指出"二边"长城为余子俊督修,时间为成化九年(1473年)三、四月至次年的三、四月之间;"大边"长城则为文贵主持修建,时间在弘治十七年(1504年)九月至正德二年(1507年)四月之间。"二边"长度为2013里(明里)195步,约合1183.4公里;"大边"长度为1087里(明里),约合639.2公里。延绥镇长城的修筑过程与明代西北边防方略的发展过程密切关联,也间接反映了边地卫所土地屯垦的变化,对研究历史时期陕北长城沿线环境变迁具有重要意义。     

The Meaning of Heritage According to Connoisseurs,Rejecters and Take-it-or-leavers in Historic City Centres: two Dutch cities experienced

In various disciplines, a renewed attention to history and the past can be discerned, not least in the field of urban analysis and urban planning. To understand the ways in which heritage can contribute to the functioning of cities today and tomorrow we need insight into the meanings of heritage for the cities? residents.With the help of the two concepts ?tied to the city centre? and ?solidarity with the city centre?, three city-centre resident types are theoretically constructed who are the ?connoisseurs?, the ?take-it-or-leavers? and the ?rejecters?. The empirical data collected in two Dutch cities, Leeuwarden and Alkmaar, made it possible to search for these assumed types to see whether they really exist and to find out if the different types give different meanings to urban heritage. Differences in the meaning of heritage means that the distinctions among ?connoisseurs?, ?take-it-or-leavers? and ?rejecters? could be used in setting heritage policy.     

汉阳陵地下博物馆遗址表面硫酸钙(CaSO4·2H2O)形成原因探析

汉阳陵地下博物馆是我国首个遗址保存在恒温恒湿环境的博物馆,但遗址表面仍然析出了硫酸钙(CaSO_4·2H_2O)。本研究通过对汉阳陵13号坑封闭展厅内环境温湿度、土壤蒸发量、遗址本体及地下水可溶盐的长期监测分析硫酸钙(CaSO_4·2H_2O)产生原因。结果表明,13号坑环境湿度长期保持100%,由于遗址表面温度高于露点温度,空气中水分子在土壤表面不能转化为液态水返回到土壤中,而随着土壤水分蒸发遗址表面土壤溶液浓度逐渐增大,溶液中离子相互发生反应在遗址表面析出白色的硫酸钙。     

环境因素对有机质材料色度影响的试验研究

为了开展环境因素对有机质材料色牢度影响的研究,及寻找不同的文物陈列展览与藏品保存所适宜的环境,必需了解文物环境的质量状况,探讨环境因素对文物造成的影响及变化规律。为此,选择故宫博物院有代表性的文物陈列展览与藏品保存的环境为试验场所,对该试验场所环境温湿度进行检测分析,同时在该环境中摆放试验样品,对试验样品的颜色变化进行不定期的检测。经过试验样品色牢度的检测和试验数据的整理分析,得出了相同环境下,丝织品试验样品色牢度变化比绘画颜料色牢度的变化大;三种不同温湿度的环境,对丝织品试验样品色牢度变化影响也不相同,其中,红色样品变化最敏感。相对绘画颜料,不同环境温湿度变化对其造成的影响较小。     

故宫建福宫石质文物保存状况的评价研究

故宫建福宫遗存了大量石质构件,其风化现象比较严重。为评价其保存状况,对建福宫石质构件的划痕宽度、回弹性能、自由渗水率、表层波速与透射波速进行取点测试,与新鲜石材数据对比后,证实其风化程度比较严重,需要进行后续的保护处理。同时还对影响建福宫石质构件风化的环境因素进行测试分析,研究了环境因素与石质构件保存状况的关系,为病害分析乃至保护操作提供了数据及理论支持。     

瘟疫何以肆虐?——一项医疗环境史的研究

"瘟疫何以肆虐"的问题,既与环境史相关,亦与医疗社会史不可分,但并不能用其中任何一者涵盖之;由此,我们提出"医疗环境史"的概念,以黑死病为个案,围绕瘟疫本身进行环境分析。在14世纪英国的聚落环境中,传染源普遍存在,鼠、蚤、人紧密共存,便于瘟疫的传播;交通运输的便利,利于瘟疫的跨聚落和跨地区流传;落后的医疗防治水平不能阻止瘟疫的肆虐,甚至会因不合理的举措而适得其反。上述病发、流传和应对环境还存在地区性的差异,从而导致瘟疫肆虐程度之不同。     

明代“剪灯”系列小说序跋与小说生态环境的考察几种传播途径

＂剪灯＂系列小说是明代文言小说领域的重要作品,通过对其序跋的研究,可以透视明代初期洪武年间到明代中期万历年间小说的生态环境;四个阶段的序跋恰好体现了明代小说逐步突出困境,日益赢得受众的喜爱,同时又不能不受主流思潮制约的过程。     

Socio‐cultural currents affecting heritage site consideration: The impact of human values on people's attitudes and behaviour

Abstract

Many heritage site directors think of market research in simple ‘who, what, when, where’ terms; who came to their site, what did they see, when did they come, and where did they come from? Some also have employed qualitative techniques to probe ‘why’, asking groups of visitors to tell moderators why they were attracted, or not, by some specific exhibit, site or display. Research can offer a far deeper understanding than this basic marketing information. After a brief introduction focusing on the impact of demographics in the next few years, and recent trends in visits to British attractions, the analysis of key attitudinal statements regarding the psychological impact of heritage and technology is examined to see which socio‐cultural trends affect attitudes to these concepts.