“刘言史法，吾言史意”——章学诚与刘知几史学歧异探析

“史法”与“史意”是章学诚的重要学术术语,是研究章学诚与刘知几史学异同关系的关键,也是把握章学诚史学思想的关键。本从章学诚所界定之“史学”涵义入手,认为“史意”是针对一家述而言,“史法”是针对馆局纂修而言,“史法”与“史意”能够体现出章学诚与刘知几的分歧所在。     

(Un)Doing Constitutionalism: The Cases of Liu Xiaobo and Xu Zhiyong

Based on the cases of Liu Xiaobo and Xu Zhiyong, this article reviews the Court judgments and discussions about the criminal charges of “inciting subversion of state power” and “disrupting public order” used against Liu Xiaobo and Xu Zhiyong respectively. Through a review of the discourses of Chinese legal scholars surrounding the two cases, we focus on the conflicting arguments regarding the Chinese Constitution and the Constitutional right to freedom of expression. This article concludes with an analysis of the political meaning of the two cases by revisiting the debate about the implementation of a Constitutional review and by reflecting upon the political contention between the government’s recent re-ideologisation of the Constitution and the growing calls of Chinese citizens who advocate Constitutionalism as a proxy for political reform.     

刘铭传的海防思想与实践——兼论台湾在中国海防中的战略地位

刘铭传以武将而跻身于封疆大吏之列,其一生之建树重在"事功"而非"理论".正因为如此,他虽然也曾就海防及其相关问题有过全面系统的论说,但其认识水平显然不及同时代之佼佼者.关于台湾在中国海防中的战略地位,他也是在领导抗法保台、建台的过程中逐步加深认识的,并以首任台湾巡抚之地位不遗余力地将其思想主张付诸实践,开创了包括海防在内的台湾近代化新局面.刘铭传加速台湾建设、加强台湾海防的初衷是为了抵御日本的侵略,不料数年之后,台湾竞因北洋海防的崩溃而落入日本之手.这绝不是刘铭传个人的悲哀,实乃国家民族之大悲剧.     

明刘彦昺生卒年考略

刘彦昺是元末明初的一位名士,其生卒年一直未得其详。今据嘉靖十二年刘氏六世孙刘塾刻本《春雨轩集》所载《自序墓志铭》及文后刘氏后裔之小注,考定刘彦昺生于元文宗至顺二年(1331)九月初三日卯时,卒于明洪武三十二年(1399)四月初三日寅时。     

西汉六安国史实钩沉

西汉六安国的出现,同汉初皖西境内淮南国、衡山国屡出变故直接相关。六安国首位国王刘庆,出身于一个显赫而又富有传奇色彩的家族。六安国因刘寄、刘庆家族显要,同武帝关系亲近,以及为着解决刘寄家族的矛盾而建立。研究西汉六安国之政区版籍的变化,必须采用逆推法等考证方法。六安国始封时至少应有七县之地。武帝以后的推恩分封、颁行左官律和附益法等,使得包括六安国在内的西汉诸侯王国逐步走向了衰微。     

刘铭传与近代台湾邮电

刘铭传在台湾创设邮政系统,开近代中国之先河,它对台岛经济的发展以及密切与大陆的联系意义重大,在台湾近代化过程中发挥了重要作用。     

关于柳芳的《唐历》

本文通过对《唐历》及其作者柳芳进行系统、全面地考证研究 ,旨在揭示《唐历》一书的史学价值。全文就作者柳芳生卒年、生平事迹、交游及其柳氏三世为史家以及《唐历》的产生过程、内容体例等具体问题进行探讨 ,分析司马光《资治通鉴考异》和《新唐书》所引用文献 ,探究出《唐历》价值。     

论刘宗周《中兴金鉴录》中的史学意识

《中兴金鉴录》是刘宗周晚年编纂的一部历史作,其最初的动机是向弘光帝提供龟鉴。随着中兴理想的破灭,宗周将先前欲上未果的《敬陈中兴第一义疏》改造、扩编成是书,流露出的史学意识有以下几个方面：1．选择历史事件要以其“历史性”为依据;2．认识历史事件的方法是对其“历史性”进行“具体的解悟”;3．评价历史坚持“道德判断”和“历史判断”相结合的原则;4．历史发展最终由“诚意”决定。     

从晚清铁路争议看淮系集团的政治运作

在近代中国,首先提出建设中国铁路的是洪仁玕,但格于时局未能实行.接着西方列强也提出了修铁路的要求,同样也未能允准;19世纪70年代初,英商怡和洋行在上海私自修建的吴松铁路甚至被清地方当局购买拆毁.在"两宫也不能定此大计"的朝野守旧氛围下,李鸿章、郭嵩焘、丁日昌、刘铭传等淮系要员,能够因时乘势,互相呼应,放胆直陈,掀起了建设近代铁路的争议,并在随后的实践中付诸实施,起到了开风气之先的作用,功不可没.     

Imagining a Different Future—Anarchist Equality and the Form of Labour in the Journal of Natural Justice

In the late Qing, China entered the capitalist world-system and this brought about a structural change in society. In this context, late Qing intellectuals felt a double imperative: they had to combat imperialist invasion and economic plunder and therefore they had to establish a nation-state, which presupposed capitalist development. However, on the other hand, they saw the various problems associated with capitalism, and as they were developing their narratives of identity, they needed to find conceptual resources to counter Eurocentric narratives of history. Consequently, these intellectuals harbored a desire to overcome capitalism. This desire produced various post-capitalist utopias, which we can see in Kang Youwei, Tan Sitong and Zhang Taiyan. These utopias are especially meaningful today, in an age where capitalist domination is heightened, but hope for a post-capitalist future has greatly diminished. “Equality” is a keyword with which late Qing intellectuals mapped out the future. Moreover, “equality” expresses precisely the above doubled movement: on the one hand, it constitutes the condition for the nation state, but on the other hand, it is also a concept that late Qing intellectuals used to imagine a different future. Discussions of equality directly dealt with issues of labour, women, and so on. This essay takes as its focus the Journal of Natural Justice, which was organized by the Society for the Restoration of Women’s rights organized by He Zhen, Liu Shipei and others. This journal published for less than one year, but it was one of the main journals promoting socialism and anarchism. It was also the first to directly discuss “labour,” and it proposed an ideal of equality in which “everyone has work and everyone labours.” Throughout the rest of China’s twentieth century, leftist and Marxist intellectuals continued this emphasis on labour. But capitalism presupposes that everyone is equal as a free-labourer. In this case, what is the relationship between the utopia proposed by the Journal of Natural Justice, which entails a world in which all people have work, and capitalism? This essay examines this question in hopes of shedding light on the larger trajectory of Chinese history.