清代山东周村镇的商业

周村是清代山东著名商镇之一。其兴起在康熙-乾隆年间,清代中叶迅速发展。云集周村的各省客商中,北方商人以晋商势力最强,南方商人则以福建为多。道光年间汇聚周村的商人商号可达八九百家乃至千家。周村从南方输入的商品主要是绸缎、杂货,在本地集散的商品则有棉布、生丝、丝绸、茧绸等。清中叶以降,周村开始从单纯的商业中心向加工制造业中心转化,其所产棉布、丝绸不仅占领了东北、华北的广大农村市场,且有一部分打入城市市场。     

The Water Pools and the Pilgrimage to Jerusalem in the Late Second Temple Period

A significant number of water pools existed in Jerusalem in the Late Hellenistic and Early Roman periods. The pools constitute an archaeological phenomenon that should be analysed in its own right. No other city in the region had so many stand-alone large pools in its urban landscape. This paper offers an explanation of this phenomenon based on its cultural, historical, and archaeological context. The article discusses the corpus of pools, including the dating, the methods of water collection and their possible use in light of similar water installations that were common in this period. In the analysis of the pools' appearance in Jerusalem, the paper examines the broader context of the phenomenon—water utilisation by Jewish society in the time of the Second Temple before 70 AD. The conclusion drawn is that the pools are a manifestation of the wide-scale pilgrimage movement to Jerusalem that emerged in the Late Second Temple.     

Lester B. Pearson’s Temple University Speech Revisited: The Origins and Evolution of the Proposal for a Bombing Pause

Lester B. Pearson’s speech at Temple University in April 1965 suggesting a pause in the bombing of North Vietnam enraged United States President Lyndon B. Johnson, who in private the next day at Camp David strongly rebuked the Canadian prime minister. While their stormy encounter has become the stuff of legend, just how the controversial proposal for a bombing pause appeared in Pearson’s speech in the first place has received far less attention. Making use of new archival material, including the private diary of Canadian Under-Secretary of State for External Affairs Marcel Cadieux, among other original sources, this article revisits previous accounts of the Temple speech, offering new details on the origins of the proposal for a bombing pause and examining the hitherto unknown but crucial drafting changes that were made prior to its becoming public. In doing so, this article sheds new light on one of the most significant events in the history of Canadian–American relations.     

郑和与金陵大报恩寺关系考

明代金陵大报恩寺及其琉璃塔是由著名航海家郑和参与建造的世界奇观。大报恩寺的直接前身为建于吴末晋初的"长干寺",乃是南京地区历史最为古老的寺、塔之一。这里曾经是瘗藏唐三藏玄奘大师的顶骨舍利之处,是明代南京唯一依皇宫建筑体制起造的佛教寺院,也是明代早期总管全国佛教事务的中央机构"僧录司"所在,拥有全国佛教管理和佛学中心之地位。该寺还与明成祖身世之谜及成祖夺嫡易位乃至建文出家失踪诸史事相关。在其长达16年的建造过程中,郑和自始至终都参与其中,从而对该工程之完成作出过特殊的贡献。     

论穗港两地祠堂的保护与利用

通过穗港两地祠堂保护现状的分析,对两地祠堂未来的保护与利用提供了建设性的意见。     

太原永祚寺无梁殿的建筑形制及结构静力性能研究

本工作以太原永祚寺无梁殿为例,研究中国特有的建筑遗产类型——明代砖砌无梁殿的建筑形制和结构性能。首先采用三维激光扫描仪进行精确测绘,获得其准确的几何尺寸信息。然后结合历史文献资料,对该类型建筑遗产的建筑形制进行分析。另外,通过采用无损检测方法获得砖砌体的材料强度,结合精确测绘获得的几何尺寸信息,采用ANSYS有限元软件建模并对其受力性能进行了模拟分析,获得了该建筑在静力荷载作用下的结构性能。研究结论为该类型建筑遗产的加固修缮提供参考。     

游客量对炳灵寺第128窟微环境影响初步研究

通过对炳灵寺石窟第128窟连续一年的微环境监测数据分析,结合游客参观统计,探究了游客量对炳灵寺第128窟微环境的影响;其中CO₂浓度与游客量呈正相关,窟内外温差越大,其衰减越快。洞窟温度升高与游客量呈一定程度正相关,温度增量主要为正值,负值与气象条件相关,温度的衰减与温度增量及窟内外温差正相关。窟内相对湿度变化较为复杂,监测期间游客参观对相对湿度影响在-5%～10%范围内,以降低窟内相对湿度为主。研究结果表明,目前的开放模式有助于CO₂浓度衰减,可适当扩大每批次参观人数至10人左右,以应对大客流状况;注重旅游旺季特别是5月、9月下旬至10月中旬时间段洞窟内相对湿度变化的监测,做好游客管理和洞窟相对湿度控制应对措施。本研究对于炳灵寺石窟第128窟及其他相似洞窟的旅游开放管理具有一定指导意义。     

大同华严寺辽代彩绘泥塑颜料与胶结剂的科学剖析

为揭示大同辽代华严寺彩绘泥塑颜料及胶结剂的化学成分及调制应用组合,对华严寺薄伽教藏殿内的典型颜料层样品进行了综合剖析。利用超景深显微镜、扫描电镜-X射线能谱、显微拉曼光谱等对彩绘样品中的颜料部分展开分析。结果表明,红色颜料主要是铅丹(Pb₃O₄)和朱砂(HgS),绿色颜料主要是孔雀石[Cu₂CO₃(OH)₂]和氯铜矿[Cu₂(OH)₃Cl],而且这两种颜色存在着同色系的两种颜料混和使用的情况。蓝色颜料则为蓝铜矿[Cu₃(CO₃)₂(OH)₂],黄色颜料为雌黄(As₂S₃),金色区域则主要是由金(Au)构成;采用红外光谱和甲基衍生化-热裂解-气相色谱串联质谱技术对彩绘样品中的胶结剂成分进行检测。结果表明,金色区域的胶结剂主要是熟桐油和胶蛋白,说明其中存在着“金胶油”的传统贴金工艺;而其他红、绿、蓝、黄等彩色...     

中岳庙建置疑案考

在中岳庙的历史上,其创建时间、迁址问题、定址问题、明末被焚及其原因、当今庙制格局的确立等一直是困惑人们认知中岳庙的悬案。经过对中岳庙尘封历史的揭示,其疑案逐渐清晰。中岳庙始建于春秋,北魏没有迁址,唐开元非是定于现址的时间,明末战乱中岳庙被焚毁殿堂17座,乾隆十五年增修后奠定了当今庙宇的格局。     

梁“中大通二年”纪年摩崖的发现——栖霞寺千佛岩61号佛龛南梁纪年题名石刻

2000年在栖霞寺千佛岩窟区61号佛龛门楣上寻访到纪年题名石刻,此次发现提供了开凿于齐梁间的千佛岩石窟的准确竣工年代,纠正了过去石窟竣工于梁天监十年的说法,并为鉴定同类时代的佛龛提供了重要依据。