文化现代化：梁漱溟乡村建设思想的着力点

本文通过对梁漱溟乡村建设思想的解读,认为梁漱溟乡村建设的着力点是文化现代化,通过文化的重建来解决当时的社会问题.梁漱溟文化重建的思路是建立能够沟通调和中西文化的乡村组织来重组乡村社会结构和唤起乡民的主体意识.这些观点为现阶段新农村建设中农村文化的现代化提供了理论上和实践上的借鉴.     

论清末民初政坛上的梁士诒

清末科举出身的梁士诒 ,受维新思想启发 ,积极吸收“实用之学” ,在兴办实业、筹款修建铁路、革新铁路管理方面具有较多建树。并由此奠定了他在财界的基础。民国初年 ,梁为袁世凯所重用 ,其行政权力仅次于袁 ,政治生涯达到峰巅 ,由于积极拥戴袁世凯称帝 ,因而遭到世人的谴责 ,被迫避罪逃亡。日后利用军阀之间的矛盾 ,一度登上国务总理宝座 ,出现了短暂的“辉煌” ,最终在军阀混战中下野 ,亦无法避免其悲剧式国务总理的结局     

梁启超与社会学

对"群学"的最初认识,使梁启超认识到"合群立会"的重要性,"合群立会"的政治理念促使他去"新"史学;对社会学理念的吸纳而使他确立了"进化史观",进化史观的确立,对中国史学的发展有不可估量的意义。梁启超晚年专意于学术后,他的社会学的治史视野又得到充分体现,以至当今学者论断,梁启超开启了中国社会史研究的先河。     

Echoes of tradition: Liang Qichao’s reflections on the Italian Risorgimento and the construction of Chinese nationalism

This paper examines how Liang Qichao viewed the Italian Risorgimento, with the focus on his reflections on its meanings in the historical contexts of Chinese politics and tradition. It will identify and analyze the many forces and ideas that influenced Liang as he formulated his reflections, especially the timing around the turn of the twentieth century and the discourses of nascent nationalism in Japan where Liang lived in exile. The way Liang created – or recreated – the Italian story demonstrated that the Chinese had finally begun to realize a crucial point about the building of a modern nation. While Britain, the United States, and France were able to build a modern nation by starting from the grass roots and more closely observing Enlightenment ideals, China did not have the luxury or the time to follow the same path. In the age of high imperialism, the weak would simply be weeded out quickly. Without national salvation, there could be no modern nation. National salvation, as exemplified by the Risorgimento, involved maintaining and glorifying the country’s own traditions and core values, which would in turn unify different social segments. Liang and his fellow reformers realized the importance of having simultaneously a national cause, a single political party, and a single leader, instead of having to take separate steps toward awakening. Liang’s awakening paved the way for the unfolding of the great Chinese revolutions of the twentieth century, led first by the Kuomintang and then by the Communists. Following Liang’s track of thinking, they both strived to build – or rebuild – a political centralism.     

安奉铁路交涉研究：以清末地方外交为视角

安奉铁路是日本在东北自筑的第一条铁路。它并非源于某个特定条约,而是在既成事实基础上,通过外交交涉获得的一项在华权益。在交涉过程中,徐世昌、锡良等东北地方大员成为对外交涉的主体,受地方性外交体制的影响,既表现出独立性,又受制于中央政府。他们在争取国家主权、维护地方利益的同时,也显现出对外交涉策略上的急进。安奉铁路交涉的结局在一定程度上反映了中央与地方在事关铁路的外交事务上的矛盾,这源于对外交涉体制的缺陷与权力结构的无序。     

从梁王陵看西汉帝王的丧葬制度

永城粱王陵自东向西分布,其茔地布局与东方滨海地区的思想背景有关。以梁王陵为代表,西汉诸侯王墓与帝陵存在着相似之处,但它的个性特征亦不容抹杀。     

萧梁钱币铸造工艺模拟实验

中国古代的铸钱工艺从先秦至六朝皆系范铸工艺,隋唐以后采用砂型铸钱并一直沿用至清代末年。在这两种工艺之中应当有一个技术过渡期,从目前田野考古发现的铸钱遗址看,这个过渡期应在六朝。对于批量铸钱而言,范铸法铸钱技术最高形式即为叠式浇铸,而叠铸技术水平最高者,莫过于萧梁时期的双面纹叠铸范,它不仅以省工省料见长,并且一套范一次浇铸的钱数可达到500枚左右,这是汉代叠铸钱工艺无法实现的。本工作通过模拟实验验证了萧梁时期的无榫卯双面纹叠铸钱工艺的可操作性,力图阐明六朝萧梁时期铸钱工艺中制模制范技术的先进性,以及与汉代传统叠铸钱工艺的技术比较。     

中国古代朱砂的应用之调查

朱砂,化学成分为天然硫化汞（ＨｇＳ）。古代有丹砂等多种名称,它是我国古代各族人民最喜爱 的红色颜料和涂料,距今６０００多年,浙江余姚县河姆渡遗址中就有外涂朱砂的漆碗,此后,在江浙 一带的良渚文化、西北马家窑文化、四川广汉三星堆、河南殷虚等遗址都曾发现用朱砂涂染的装饰 品和尸骨。西周以来用途较广,秦汉时不仅大量用作颜料还用来炼制水银,北朝至清代全国各地的 壁画及其它彩绘艺术中都用朱砂做颜料。历代对朱砂做颜料的选择、加工制作也积累了不少经验。