Cultural Heritage Documentation and Conservation: Three-Dimensional (3D) Laser Scanning and Geographical Information System (GIS) Techniques for Thematic Mapping of Facade Stonework of St. Nicholas Church (Pisa,Italy)

This article reports the mapping of the stones, including marbles and brick masonry, used for building the facade of the medieval Church of St. Nicholas (XI century ad), one of the most interesting churches in Pisa, due also to the nearby famous octagonal bell tower. Mapping of stone materials was performed using a computer-aided design (CAD)/geographical information system (GIS) software package for storing and processing spatial information of the ashlars, obtained using three-dimensional (3D) laser-scanning data, combined with high-resolution images, and stone-to-stone observations. Based on collected data, the facade of the Church of St. Nicholas appeared mostly composed of rocks belonging to the metamorphic Tuscan sequence, quartzites, and marbles from Mt. Pisano area. Other types of rocks were also observed, as black limestones quarried at some kilometers northwest from Pisa in the Monti d’Oltre Serchio area, white Apuan marbles and Macigno sandstones. Conversely, intarsia appeared mainly made up of serpentinite and, subordinately, red limestones laid in white Apuan and Mt. Pisano marbles.     

馆藏壁画表面污染物的激光清洗初步研究

激光清洗作为一种新型清洗技术,具有高效、安全、可控等优点。本研究使用激光清洗技术对壁画样品表面污染物进行清洗试验。通过模拟样块试验确定激光清洗设备的损伤阈值与清洗阈值;然后在损伤阈值与清洗阈值范围内,根据不同污染物采用不同的激光能量密度和辅助手段,对壁画样品进行激光清洗试验,最终确定有效的设备参数;在激光清洗同时使用显微镜和色度仪进行清洗效果评估。清洗试验证实激光清洗技术可有效清理部分壁画表面污染物,并确定部分有效参数,为实际工作提供参考和借鉴。     

Lost writing uncovered by laser two-photon fluorescence provides a terminus post quem for Roman colonization of Hispania Citerior

In this work, two-photon absorption fluorescence is used as a non-destructive method to detect the presence of paint upon an archaeological sample. The objective was to recover writing that, due to the discoloration caused by the passage of the time, was barely readable. The technique has been successfully applied to determine the consular date painted upon the neck of a Dressel 1A amphora found in the Roman village of Iesso (Guissona), in Catalonia. The identification of the consular date provides a terminus post quem for the foundation date for the city as well as a starting date for the Roman colonization of Hispania Citerior.     

对激光清除青铜器粉状锈技术的分析和探讨

用激光技术清除青铜器文物的粉状锈开辟了防治“青铜病”的一种新途径.本文阐述了粉状锈生成机理和激光清除粉状锈的基本理论,介绍用激光器处理粉状锈的一些实际情况.对把激光用于清除粉状锈,作者提出了从理论到实际应用中的一些看法,且认为该技术目前仍处于试验阶段。采用何种类型的激光器?如何控制激光参数?还需要做大量的试验和研究.进而指出,用非调 Q 脉冲式钕玻璃激光器进行清除工作,实际上对青铜器会带来严重损伤,对珍贵的青铜器文物不宜采用.     

New tools for rock art modelling: automated sensor integration in Pindal Cave

This paper presents the integration of automated sensors based on a terrestrial laser scanner and an amateur digital camera with the aim of generating a photorealistic three-dimensional (3D) model of the Principal Panel in Pindal Cave (Spain). The approach developed for 3D modelling overcomes many of the problems related to the independent implementation of photogrammetry and laser scanning. Particularly, a sequential and hierarchical approach was developed based on the processing and matching of images from the camera (camera image) and the laser scanner (range image). The results obtained demonstrate that the workflow for this model is automatic, effective, and accurate. The presented approach was found to create hyper-realistic models, even improving upon human visual capabilities.     

Mapping prehistoric social fields on the Sepik coast of Papua New Guinea: ceramic compositional analysis using laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry

The Sepik coast of northern Papua New Guinea is one of the most linguistically diverse places on earth despite communities there currently being connected into wide-reaching social and economic networks that cross language boundaries. One possible explanation for observed human diversity is that social connections were substantially less intensive prior to colonial pacification. As a proxy for human interaction, we compositionally analyzed 287 ceramic sherds from archaeological contexts using laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) to determine their place of production. Our results indicate that ceramics produced on Tumleo Island—currently the most important regional ceramic producer—were transported to other places on the Sepik coast after ∼1000 BP, suggesting that linguistic diversity on the coast has been maintained in an interactive environment for at least a millennium.     

江西南昌雷鋽墓出土墨锭的分析研究

为了对江西南昌雷鋽墓出土墨锭的原料进行分析,加深对中国古代制墨工艺的了解,采用扫描电子显微镜,投射电子显微镜以及激光粒度仪对采自雷鋽墓的墨锭进行了研究,并与当代传统工艺生产的松烟、油烟以及工业生产的炭黑进行了比较分析。结果表明,雷鋽墓出土墨锭的烟炱颗粒形态及大小分布的均一性等与松烟非常相似,可以确定该墨锭应为松烟制作而成。     

激光清洗架上绘画研究综述

本工作从应用的激光类型、激光对主要画材的影响以及清洗表面沉积物、处理老化光油、去除复绘和清洗画背等主要应用场景等层面,系统呈现了激光清洗架上绘画的研究现状,为实际应用中激光类型等工艺参数的选择提供了全面的参考,给出了典型的工作逻辑与流程,同时也指出了现有研究中的空白和不足。