'Hired Hands' or 'Local Voice': Understandings and Experience of Local Participation in Conservation

In recent years, the notion of local participation has emerged as a major force in both policy-making and political philosophy. This paper explores the role that participation is playing in mediating relations between local people, conservation organizations and the ideas and practices of nature conservation in England. Drawing upon empirical research in the county of Kent, the paper argues that there are systematic discrepancies between the motives, experiences and understandings of the various policy actors towards the theory and practice of a participatory conservation. It argues that these apparent discrepancies have serious implications for both the credibility and the effectiveness of present initiatives, whereby participatory practice serves to reshape existing conceptions of conservation and rural space.     

Implementing political agreement in Northern Ireland: Planning issues for Irish language policy

This paper examines the place of the Irish language in the context of the political agreement recently reached in Northern Ireland. Language planning issues are seen to turn on critical relationships between the emergent legislative framework and local Irish-speaking communities in the region. A model for community-based language planning initiatives is proposed as a means of ensuring the effective engagement of language policy with Irish-speakers. It is suggested that the issue of language rights is likely to become much more pressing as the new institutions of state seek to reflect the socio-political diversity of the region.     

Language and politics in Italy: from Moro to Berlusconi

The article posits the existence of a nexus between some language dimensions on the one hand, and the type of party system and degree of electoral volatility on the other. The first part dissects the old language of Italian politics, these days contemptuously referred to as politichese , and argues that its cryptic character can be properly understood only if seen against both the functional requirements and systemic constraints of the Italian post-war political regime in general, and the functioning of its party system in particular. The second part examines the new language that emerged in the early 1990s, the so-called gentese , and argues that its populist characteristics are linked to the disintegration of old parties which meant that a sizeable portion of the electorate was up for grabs. Other important factors were the emergence of political actors who wished to differentiate themselves from those of the past and their perception that the Italian party system was changing. Il saggio esplora alcuni dei nessi esistenti tra varie dimensioni del linguaggio politico (lessico, complessitÀ sintattica, tono) da un lato, e dimensioni politiche (tipo di sistema di partiti e grado di mobilitÀ elettorale) dall'altro. La prima parte esamina il vecchio linguaggio della politica italiana, oggi sprezzantemente definito politichese , e sostiene che il suo carattere ermetico e complesso è da collegarsi ad alcune caratteristiche del sistema politico della Prima Repubblica e al suo sistema partitico in particolare. La seconda parte esamina il nuovo linguaggio politico italiano (il cosiddetto gentese ) e sostiene che le sue caratteristiche populiste vanno collegate all'aumento della mobilitÀ elettorale registrata all'inizio degli anni 90 (dovuta anche alla disintegrazione dei partiti tradizionali) e alla percezione, largamente errata, dei nuovi attori politici che la riforma della legge elettorale avrebbe condotto necessariamente a un sistema partitico bipolare.     

桂林旅游景区书法景观符号效应分析

书法景观是具有中国特色的特殊文化景观和文化符号,广泛应用于旅游景区而成为旅游景观的一种重要类型.本文以桂林旅游景区的书法景观为案例进行研究,结果表明,书法景观作为旅游景区的重要人文景观,旅游者总体上对其具有较高的认知和鉴赏兴趣;书法景观对旅游者产生了一定程度的符号效应,具体表现在书法鉴赏、文化象征、审美引导3个方面,对应于外在行为、文化环境知觉、景观审美活动3个层次的行为效应.书法景观的符号效应在书法鉴赏方面存在显著差异,而在文化象征和审美引导方面无显著差异.书法景观符号效应研究对于揭示人们的地方感和环境行为与书法景观之间的关系、旅游景区书法景观的设计和景区文化氛围的营造等具有指导意义.     

寿生作品语言的双重文化表征

申尚贤（笔名＂寿生＂）是贵州现代文学史上一位优秀的乡土小说家。他的小说以其＂清楚明白说平常话的好文字＂的特殊风格受到胡适先生的推介而连载于胡适主编的《独立评论》。其语言的特殊风格,是对现代白话文和黔北方言的娴熟运用,从而构成其语言的地域性和底层性,广泛性和社会性的双重文化表征,多种形式的语言运用形成其语言特有的艺术魅力。     

江户时代日本史学中的早期民族主义

本文对江户时代日本史学著作的文本进行解读,分析存在于日本史学中的早期民族主义,将其归为华夷观变化滋生民族主体意识、神国思想、尊皇意识三种形态,力图证明日本的早期民族主义源自其思想内部,而非外来殖民危机。     

基于SD法的公园景观综合感知研究——以福州市为例

本文以福州市主要的几个城市公园为研究样本,运用SD法,将声、味环境因素纳入公园景观的感知研究中,就声、味环境因素对评价者公园景观视觉感知的影响进行定量分析,揭示影响规律;并结合因子分析法,进行主要影响因子提取,为人性化的公园景观研究与设计提供参考。结果表明：声、味环境对评价者公园景观的视觉感知产生了明显的影响,且负面因素产生的影响比正面因素更为显著;声、味环境因素对于不同的公园景观视觉效果评价要素和因子的影响有所不同,心理要素和整体要素受影响程度最为显著,其次为环境要素;声、味环境因素影响下的公园景观视觉效果由形式因子、协调因子、空间因子、生态因子、污染因子、特色因子、认同因子和安全因子等8个评价轴构成。     

审视传统文化的另一个视角

中国宗法社会发展到宋代,产生了大量脱离社会秩序的游民,形成游民阶层,在游民中产生了通俗文化、通俗文学。游民不同于宗法人之处,在于他们有反社会性、主动进击精神和帮派意识,义气是他们联系的纽带。产生于游民的通俗文化、通俗文学,包括《三国演义》《水浒传》等,又为游民的组织、活动提供了理论武器。从游民文化看中国历史,是审视传统文化的另一个视角。