Balanced Bilingualism: Patterns of Contact Influence in L1 and L2 Turkic and Bakhtiari Speech in Juneqan,Iran

Most studies on language contact in Iran have focused on the effects of Persian on the country’s minority languages. There are also many cases where large regional languages such as Azeri, Kurdish, Balochi, Lori and Bakhtiari exert an influence on smaller regional languages, and a few studies have appeared on this topic. This paper examines the effects of language contact in the city of Juneqan in Chahar Mahal va Bakhtiari Province, Iran, where the position of two minority languages—Bakhtiari and Qashqai Turkic—appears to be evenly balanced. The analysis is based on a comparison of L1 and L2 speech from two bilingual individuals with a different L1, as found in responses to the Atlas of the Languages of Iran (ALI) questionnaire. Drawing on examples from lexicon, phonology and morphosyntax, the article argues that the equivalent influence of each language on the first- and second-language speech of members of the other language community is likely achieved not by simple equal status, but through the counterbalancing of regional Bakhtiari dominance with majority mother-tongue Turkic population in this city.     

散文美教学谈

散文的美着重表现在它的结构美、意境美、语言美。这也就是我们在散文教学中要解决的重点、难点。     

浅谈语文教学中的情感体验

在语文教学中要注重情感体验,以唤起学生的主体意识,充分发挥学生的主观能动性,更好地落实新课标的要求。可以说,注重情感体验,语文教学就成功了一半,情感教育应是语文教学的生命。     

试述初中语文教学中对学生的感恩教育

在初中语文教学中,对中学生进行感恩教育主要通过联系实际,以学生由内而外的“内省”为突破口,将感恩思想中内省的自我发展要求,在学生内心中激发出来,变“要我学好”到“我要我学好”,找回学生内心人性的东西,真正促进学生的主体性发展。     

多媒体辅助语文教学利弊谈

在最古老的语言文字的教学中,多媒体技术有明显的优越性,同时又无法替代语文教学本身。多媒体在课堂教学中永远只能是辅助位置。它的一切设计都应为教学服务,而不能代替教学。     

《元史》“亦奚不薛”考

亦奚不薛是元代对贵州西北部地区的称谓.“亦奚不薛”,究竟是蒙古语,彝语,抑或既非蒙古语也非彝语?众说纷纭,但均未进行过认真考证.周洪谟《安氏家传·序》和光绪年间的《水西安氏族谱》彝文部分均栽有“不薛”,其后的有关安氏谱系均不载录.家谱文献比对和彝语方音对应规律表明,“亦奚不薛”就是后世水西谱系中的额归普色.亦奚不薛不是蒙古语,而是彝语,并且是彝族水西安氏先祖的名字,后来随着子孙繁衍和世袭领地的扩大,亦奚不薛也由人名转变为氏族名,进而为部落称号和地名.     

Socialist Intercessions: The Earliest Demands for a Separate Montenegrin Language (1967–1972)

The question of a separate Montenegrin language has been extensively debated in the last decades. Its roots, however, lie deeper, with the first demands for it appearing in the late 1960s. By analysing the contemporary sources, this paper seeks to establish how and by whom these demands were voiced, the argumentation of both sides of the debate and how were they received by the League of Communists of Yugoslavia. The debate was started by a group of Montenegrin intellectuals in a climate favourable to the “political periphery” of socialist Yugoslavia and the smaller nationalisms. The group, supported by some of the high executives of the Communist Party, claimed that the rights of the Montenegrin nation were being negated by the government's refusal to allow the local language to be codified to a literary standard. The discussion sheds light on the process of nation-building in socialist-era Montenegro, revealing its actors and dynamics.     

Bilingualism and geographical knowledge: A case study of students at the University of Wales,Aberystwyth

This paper explores the role of languages in the constitution of geographical knowledge. We argue that the fact that people speak different languages is significant to the ways in which they engage with geography as a subject. We unpack some of the processes through which languages make a difference to geography through an empirical project based on students at the University of Wales, Aberystwyth, where geography is taught bilingually through Welsh and English. Student geography is a particularly interesting arena to further this theme, because of students' mediating role in translating professional geography into the popular sphere, which in the case of students at Aberystwyth is also a different linguistic sphere. Our empirical work suggests that the use of Welsh creates a particular linguistic culture of geography, because of the shared experience of specific practices and politics in bilingual education. This makes a difference to the kinds of geography consumed and produced by bilingual students. Through a discussion of the linguistic identity of Welsh geography, we address some of the implications and limitations of this social formation. We conclude by arguing that a focus on language has the potential to open up new ways of talking about geography.     

Publications Received

A system for classifying Scottish peatlands based on a primary threefold division into confined, partly confined and unconfined mires is presented and discussed. The system brings together the different approaches to peatland classification employed, and its inherent flexibility accommodates geographical variations and specific user requirements.     

高句丽族语言微识录

本文用比较对照的方法 ,从《三国史记·地理四》中解读了高句丽语言中的 2 0个词语 ,并且还发现有 10个高句丽语词语的读音与日本语的读音几乎完全一致。本文以含有高句丽语词语的资料为依据 ,初步判明高句丽族居民既讲高句丽本族语言 ,同时又能讲汉语 ;高句丽族使用的文字是汉字 ,而且是在两种情况下使用 ,即一方面按原意使用汉字汉文 ,另一方面使用汉字标记高句丽语的语音 ,将汉字作为一种标音符号 ,从而进一步论证高句丽文化是古代中华文化的一个重要组成部分