骆驼墩文化初论

骆驼墩遗址的发掘确立了骆驼墩文化遗存的存在,骆驼墩文化遗存代表了太湖西部山地向平原过渡地带的新石器时代考古学文化的新类型。根据其自身的文化特征、相对的年代跨度、所处的地理位置及周边同类遗址的空间分布,可将以平底釜为主要特征的骆驼墩文化遗存命名为骆驼墩文化。骆驼墩文化在其存在的时间段内,与长江下游的河姆渡文化、马家浜文化、宁镇地区的北阴阳营文化以及长江中游的大溪文化都有密切的交流。骆驼墩文化的发现,填补了环太湖西部史前考古学文化的空白,对深入研究长江下游新石器时代考古学文化及长江下游古代文明的进程等具有极其重要的意义。     

基于旅游者凝视的后发型旅游地文化认同与文化再现

后发型旅游地是在欠发达地区,旅游业起步较晚,准备不充分,在资金、技术、人力资源、客源市场、基础设施等方面处于相对不利地位的旅游目的地,在旅游发展初期,旅游者的凝视会对旅游地文化产生重要影响。旅游者凝视理论为分析后发型旅游地文化认同与文化再现提供了理论依据。通过对泸沽湖景区旅游者问卷调查并运用主成分分析法发现旅游者凝视的主要对象为:特色民俗文化、仪式性文化、母系氏族文化、自然景观,且以人文景观为主。对居民的问卷调查和非结构式访谈发现旅游者凝视对提高居民文化认同和文化自豪感、强化\"摩梭人\"族群认同、建构旅游地文化再现具有重要影响,也在一定程度上改变了文化的真实性,而政府引导性文化再现在提升泸沽湖旅游形象的同时,使得文化再现表现出秩序化、可持续的发展趋势。     

江汉洞庭地区商周青铜工具与相关问题的探索

本文论述了湘鄂两省区内出土的商周青铜工具,对宁乡出土青铜斧的功用、定名作了考察,并就殷商西周时期江汉洞庭地区是否大量使用青铜农具问题提出己见。     

旅游者符号实践初探——以杭州西湖“西子”诗词为例

旅游者符号实践概念的提出旨在进一步凸显旅游者在旅游吸引物符号建构中的主体性。本文以杭州西湖的\"西子\"诗词为例,初步探讨了旅游者符号实践概念的基本内涵、理论支撑与研究价值。旅游者符号实践并不是对已有符号记忆的被动接受,而是借助旅游者的亲身体验,不断将其运用到旅游实践中去加以检验、深化和再创造的动态演进过程。符号学理论、实践理论和(身体)现象学理论构成了旅游者符号实践研究的三大理论支撑。符号实践是旅游者符号体验过程中主观与客观、过去与现在、已知与可能、我者与他者、代表物与对象等诸多二元关系的中间环节和关键枢纽,既关系到旅游者的符号体验质量,也与旅游目的地可持续发展息息相关,因而具有一定的研究价值。     

环境压力与土地利用形式的转变——以汾阳文湖变迁为例

文湖是古代晋中重要湖泊之一,宋、金以前,湖域广阔,有着重要的社会经济效益。随着人地矛盾压力增大,宋、金已有两次开渠泄湖,到了万历四年彻底泄湖,文湖随即消亡。通过对文湖变迁过程的环境因素分析,本文认为文湖土地利用形式的转化,是区域自然、人文环境压力日趋紧张作用的结果,在看到泄湖为田之后的负面影响时,也应指出在区域生态环境长期发展下的行为适应性和无奈。这种因环境压力而导致的适应性土地利用行为,是历史时期人类土地利用形式转变的共性之一。     

Fishing ancient Lake Baikal,Siberia: inferences from the reconstruction of harvested perch (Perca fluviatilis) size

Fishing was the foundation for many of the world's foraging peoples and was undertaken using a variety of technologies. Reconstructing fishing technologies can be difficult because these tools were often made of perishable materials. Here we explore fishing technologies employed at the Ityrkhei site on Lake Baikal, Siberia. Specifically, we employ regression analyses to reconstruct the sizes of perch (Perca fluviatilis) captured through time at the site. Our analyses demonstrate that almost no juvenile perch were taken, suggesting some selectivity in harvest. We suggest this selectivity is most consistent with the use of relatively large gauge nets or traps. Such mass harvesting technologies may have been important elements of the subsistence economies of Lake Baikal's foraging peoples throughout much of the Holocene.     

Sensitivity of bulk sedimentary stable carbon isotopes to prehistoric forest clearance and maize agriculture

The stable carbon isotope compositions (δ¹³C) of tropical lake sediments and soils have been used to reconstruct the occurrence of prehistoric maize cultivation and its relative importance through time. This study assesses some of the possible variables affecting the response of lake sediment bulk organic carbon isotope (δ¹³C_TOC) values to variations in the scale of prehistoric maize cultivation and the potential of this proxy to yield quantitative estimates of the scale of prehistoric maize agriculture in small tropical watersheds. High resolution analyses of δ¹³C_TOC values, maize pollen concentrations, and mineral influx were conducted on sediments deposited during a ∼220 year period of prehistoric maize agriculture in the watershed of Laguna Castilla, a small lake in the mid-elevations of the Cordillera Central, Dominican Republic. Close correspondence between δ¹³C_TOC values and maize pollen concentrations in the Laguna Castilla sediment record indicates a close relationship between the isotopic values and the scale of prehistoric maize cultivation. Correlations between the δ¹³C_TOC signature and mineral influx indicate that the isotope record is also sensitive to variations in allochthonous carbon delivery. This study establishes that sedimentary δ¹³C_TOC values can provide a highly sensitive proxy of the spatial scale of prehistoric maize agriculture in small tropical watersheds, but emphasizes the need for a better understanding of sediment dynamics and carbon cycling in anthropogenically modified landscapes before this proxy can be widely employed in diverse archaeological settings.