洞庭湖变迁的历史过程再探讨

关于洞庭湖的历史变迁过程问题,学术界一直没有取得共识。本文认为,今洞庭湖地区在先秦两汉时期尚处于河网沼泽平原阶段,没有形成大型湖泊;进入魏晋南朝隋唐时期,今洞庭湖地区的湖泊水体得到快速扩展;唐后期至清前期,今洞庭湖地区的湖泊水体面积处于全盛阶段;自清中期以来,随着长江来沙量的日益增加,湖泊进入明显的萎缩阶段。历史时期洞庭湖的形成与变迁主要取决于洞庭湖区的沉降速度和长江干流的来沙量。     

梦华怀旧情结与明末清初西湖小说之兴盛

杭州在唐宋时期的辉煌历史与灿烂文化,是明末清初西湖小说的素材来源与情感寄托,而这在与后南宋时代的兴衰对比中产生了强烈的反差与失衡。失落中的梦华怀旧情结,在小说作者的审美心理与创作动机中,以及杭州读者群的接受心境与审美情趣中是普遍存在的。这是明末清初西湖小说兴盛的一个重要心理因素。     

湖滩争夺与省界成型——以皖北青冢湖为例

在传统地方史志的记载中,对于一个行政区疆域的记载往往是以"四至八到"的形式来表示的,依照这种粗略的记载,在很多地区根本无法准确的划出政区之间的边界。在各级政区的边界类型中,又属省界的地位比较特殊。对于省界争端的处理往往会面临"属人主义"和"属地主义"两种原则的抉择,而争端的处理过程其实体现了中央政府、省政府、基层政府与普通民众之间的多重复杂、互动的关系。民国时期青冢湖苏皖省界纠纷的处理过程正是体现了上述关系,并且展现了原本模糊的省级政区界限逐渐演变为精确的几何界线的动态过程。     

姜尚文化符号与尚湖旅游提升

姜尚现象已成为一种文化现象,“智慧”、“尚贤”、“平安”、“长寿”成为其主要的文化符号。本文认为,可从建设姜尚文化知识库、建设人文景观体系、展示姜尚文化主要符号、丰富旅游活动的内容和形式、提高旅游文化产业效益等方面入手来提升常熟尚湖旅游的水准。     

Wak’a/shrine making and pilgrimage tourism in Copacabana,Bolivia

Abstract

The cultural landscape of the town of Copacabana and nearby ancient sites on Lake Titicaca, Bolivia, have functioned as magnetic places of pilgrimage from Inka times to the present. They are analyzed as landscape constructions through the eyes of political and religious authorities as well as through those of the common pilgrims in a bottom-up perspective from Inka to Colonial times and to the present. Methodologies used are study of pertaining archaeological data and Colonial documents complemented by ethnographic interviews and participant observation. The data demonstrate how the past is redefined in the present as local heritage in a landscape perceived as Andean as well as Christian. Throughout Andean history, Copacabana has been the land terminal for pilgrims to set over to the Islands of the Sun and Moon to visit empowered shrines (wak’as) viewed as places of emergence of the Sun and the first humans. This pilgrimage was fabricated into state ideology by the Inka from ca. A.D.1450–1550. After the Spanish invasion, Copacabana became the seat of a widely revered Virgin who attracts pilgrims from all over Bolivia and southern Peru. Ethnographic fieldwork was conducted in early August 2015 and 2017 during one of the pilgrimages. Most visitors identify as pilgrim-tourists and many walk to five spatially distinct but thematically related wak’ as at which the past coalesces with the present and the secular with the divine in passionate and colorful performances for family wellbeing. Discussions center on the limited spatial control of the Catholic Church and on the growing practice of making new wak’as in Andean terms to the Virgin at selected landscape features outside of town as a form of popular heritage. Findings demonstrate that local Aymara people are not passive Colonial victims but selectively adopt from their conquerors what they hope may help alleviate poverty.     

辽帝春捺钵频次及其嬗变

春捺钵为辽朝政治生活中的一项重要活动,依其捺钵频次与地域大致可划分为太祖、太宗世宗穆宗、景宗圣宗、兴宗道宗天祚帝四个时期。以捺钵文化内涵观之,辽帝春捺钵有以传统游牧经济为核心逐渐演变为以辽朝政治为核心的特征。以捺钵地望观之,辽帝春捺钵地有辽初以四楼域为核心逐渐演变为以长春州域为核心的特征。傅乐焕将圣宗以后春捺钵地划分为“东北”“西南”两组并非准确,圣宗时春捺钵至少可分为东、西、南、北(中)四个区域,且北、东两个区域的春捺钵频次最高。春捺钵不仅体现了游牧民族的特性,更凸显了辽朝的政治特征。     

Fishing settlements in the Pskov region in the 16th century (according to archaeological data and written sources)

Numerous written sources report that an extensive system of special fishing villages called isads existed in the Pskov region in the 16th century. These villages were inhabited by professional fishermen and their fishing grounds were strictly delineated. Due to the analysis of scribes books, cartographic material analysis and exploratory excavations in the area, 314 sites were exposed. More than 60% of the fishing sites mentioned in the scribes books were mapped and the location of 20% more was determined by indirect information. Some of the isads which were located are partially studied by prompt or archaeological excavations. During the excavations of beach debris, some fishing gear dated to the late Medieval–Modern time periods were found. The combination of information obtained from the study of lake coastline changes, hydrological regime of waterways and water bodies of the Pskov region, and data on the economy and economics of the whole area under study give impetus to research into a number of problems related to natural environmental characteristics of the Pskov region for the period of study.     

Archaeology of the Early 19th‐Century American Steamboat Phoenix

In September 1819, the passenger steamboat Phoenix caught fire on Lake Champlain and sank off of Colchester Shoal, Vermont, depositing a store of archaeological data on the design and use of early American steamers. The wreck is believed to be the earliest example of a steamboat that has yet been investigated archaeologically, and has been used as a case study for the early development of steam propulsion in North America.     

江苏洪泽湖大堤石工图案遗存的调查与研究

洪泽湖大堤蕴藏着大量的石刻遗存,其中石工图案占有较大比例,具有浓郁的民俗文化与水文化特征,是我国18世纪石雕艺术的优秀作品。石工图案大致分为器物、庆词颂语、植物与动物、人物、山水日月、屋宇建筑六类题材,大部分图案运用寓意的构图形式来表达主题思想,基本采用浅浮雕技法。制作年代主要是清代乾隆时期,历史背景与清口枢纽治水相关,是中国大运河世界文化遗产的重要组成部分。     

洞庭湖区湿地生态旅游资源开发模式研究

洞庭湖区湿地是我国最大的淡水湖泊湿地生态系统之一,湿地资源特别丰富,开展湿地生态旅游资源条件十分优越;本文根据洞庭湖区湿地呈同心环带状分布的特征,对洞庭湖区湿地资源进行了景观分类:即洞庭湖湖泊河汊区、洞庭湖湿地平原区、洞庭湖环湖低丘岗地区;分析了洞庭湖区湿地旅游资源的特征和开发利用现状,按照洞庭湖湿地各环带生态旅游资源的特点,提出了洞庭湖湿地生态旅游资源开发模式:即洞庭湖湖泊河汊区生态旅游资源开发模式,洞庭湖湿地平原区生态旅游资源开发模式,洞庭湖环湖低丘岗地区生态旅游资源开发模式;并就湿地生态旅游资源开发中应注意的问题作了说明,以期达到保护湿地生态环境,合理开发湿地生态旅游资源,实现洞庭湖区湿地旅游资源可持续发展的目的。