"文化大革命"时期人民解放军的主要成就和经验教训

"文化大革命"时期,人民解放军建设遭受了严重挫折.但是,由于广大指战员同中国共产党和中国人民一起,在极其困难的情况下,同"文化大革命"的破坏进行了坚持不懈的斗争,使人民解放军仍然听从党的指挥,英勇地保卫了国家的安全,完成了党和国家交给的许多重大任务.实事求是地回顾这一复杂历史时期军队建设的主要成就,深刻地总结其经验教训,对正确认识与评价这段历史,探讨和平时期军队建设的规律,具有重要意义.     

British Surrenders and the South African War, 1899–1902

Based on primary research, this article examines more than 1000 cases of surrender in the British Army during the South African War, 1899–1902. It concludes that the majority of surrenders were caused by five conditions: faulty leadership, the removal of effective leadership through injury or death, lack of necessary supplies, decisive disadvantage in terms of numbers and the use of questionable tactics by the enemy. An examination of surrender gives insight into morale, resource allocation, discipline, decision-making and military law.     

元朝西南地区军事机构的设置及兵力的布置

蒙元朝廷在西南三省军事机构的设置是伴随着灭宋战争而来的。由于面临的形势不同,四川、云南、湖广三行省的军事机构并不相同,各具特色。与此同时,为了维护西南政治稳固,蒙元朝廷在三省的军事险要之地布置了大批的兵力。     

七十年来新四军史料的整理与研究

新四军史料的搜集整理,抗战时期即已开始,新中国建立后发展迅速。70年来,新四军史料的整理工作,在综合性史料、专题文献、回忆录等的编纂方面取得了一定的成绩,但尚未编纂出一套完整、系统、全面地包含中外政府档案、文献、报刊和口述史料的新四军大型史料集,在史料整理的基础上展开考证、辨伪、校勘、注释、编写目录提要等史料研究工作尚处于起步阶段,全面开展这项工作,是一个崭新的新四军史料整理和研究过程。     

《滕学义建祠碑》考释

光绪年间所立的《滕学义建祠碑》，所记史实是研究淮军及捻军起义的宝贵资料。     

捻军领导层初探

史学界对于捻军性质的认识历来存在两种观点,其分歧主要在于对捻军领导层的不同认识.本文利用大量未刊口碑调查资料,通过对捻军五旗重要首领家情及田产状况的具体分析,对捻军领导层做出重新估价.     

‘Un engin de torture,une baïonnette à crochets; une arme blanche déshonorée’: an historical-archaeological evaluation of the Sawback bayonets of the Deutsches Heer

ABSTRACT

The Imperial German Army (Deutsches Herr) was unique among the combatants in World War One (WW1) in issuing to a proportion of its soldiers a bayonet whose blade back was fashioned as a saw. A common belief developed quickly among the Allies that these sawback bayonets were weapons specifically intended to inflict a particularly vicious type of wound. After setting out the origins of this class of weapon and explaining their real purpose, the two main types of sawback bayonet available to the Deutsches Heer during WW1 are then concisely described. Its reputation as a weapon of especial barbarity is outlined, along with an overview of bayonet use in combat between the mid-nineteenth century and 1918, as evidenced by official sources, highlighting the lack of any specific contemporary references to the use of or the wounds caused by sawback bayonets. The article concludes by detailing the contemporary German sources relevant to its withdrawal from service use in 1917.     

Vernacular memorialization in the military: personal acts of remembrance at RAF Thorpe Abbotts

ABSTRACT

In September 2017, an archaeological excavation at RAF Thorpe Abbotts (also known as Station 139) uncovered 7 identification ‘dog’ tags belonging to airmen of the United States Army Air Force (USAAF). It is the thesis of this article that these were purposefully buried by individuals within the 100th Bomb Group (Heavy) as acts of remembrance. Alongside the dog tags were a number of other artefacts, including coins, bottles, and a canteen cup. These likely formed the material culture of self-developed grieving rituals established by the primary group responsible for the deposition of the dog tags.     

Gallantry on the Shankill road: the British ‘soldier-hero’ and state-media relations in Northern Ireland, 1969-1979

ABSTRACT

The study of the British ‘soldier-hero’ as a political and cultural icon after 1945 has been largely confined to literature concerned with the memory of historical figures. Rarely have scholars considered how post-war military deployments not only created contemporary soldier-heroes, but also transformed their place within politics and society as the moral interrogation of these wars threatened to encroach upon the prestige of these icons. This article examines how the soldier-hero interacted with one of Britain’s most contentious deployments, Northern Ireland, and how politicians sought to control narratives surrounding this figure to avoid public relations controversy in unusual political conditions.     

An Anatomy of the London Agent

This article considers the London agent through the careers of Gilbert Mabbott and, to a lesser extent, William Raylton. The London agent was a commonplace in early modern political culture, but the phenomenon is rarely addressed in the historiography. I argue for the importance of the agent to early modern English history in general, but I also consider Mabbott's situation in particular. Because of the civil wars, Mabbott was able to rise beyond his social station as a scrivener and freed himself from the bonds of the patron‐client relationship. This article seeks to define some of the roles played by agents in the early modern period by looking at Mabbott's and Raylton's work for their major employers: Thomas Wentworth, Hull, royalist delinquents and their children, various parliamentary armies, and Oliver Cromwell. It ends by looking at the wealth that Mabbott acquired through his work, both before and after the Restoration, as demonstrative of how an agent's power could yield impressive rewards when freed of social constraints.