山西省万荣县寿圣寺塔的多视角影像三维重建

为了制定山西省万荣县寿圣寺塔的保护规划方案,需制作具有真实纹理的三维模型,但砖塔等大型不可移动文物的三维重建难度很大,制作成本一直很高。为此,本研究运用无人机拍摄和地面拍摄多视角影像的技术,制作寿圣寺塔的三维模型,生成各个立面的正射影像图,量算砖塔的高度、宽度等尺寸数据,为这类文物的三维重建提供一种新的技术和方法。     

From resistance to revolution: the limits of nonviolence in Arendt’s ‘Civil Disobedience’

ABSTRACT

Arendt’s work on civil disobedience sets out an optimistic portrayal of the possibilities of such forms of action in re-energising the spirit of American politics in the late twentieth century. Civil disobedience should not simply be tolerated, she argued, but incorporated into the legal structure of the American political system. Her work is usually seen to promote an idea of civil disobedience that is thus bound to existing constitutional principles and essentially nonviolent. However, by looking at Arendt’s discussion and critique of various practices of civil disobedience in 1960s and 1970s America, specifically in relation to the nonviolence movement influenced by Martin Luther King, and on the other side, the more militant Black Power movement, a different idea of civil disobedience emerges. This paper argues that whilst, for Arendt, civil disobedience within America certainly possesses the constitutionally restorative potential she assigns to it, in a broader sense – theoretically, globally, and even in terms of alternative ideologies within America – her conception of civil disobedience is in itself neither necessarily constitutional, nor nonviolent. It is, instead, a form of revolutionary action, whose limits are set only by politics itself, and specifically, Arendt’s criterion of publicity.     

14C测定判别武王克商年代范围始末

武王克商年代是我国古代编年中的一个关键点,近年来^14C测定技术有了重要发展,我国^14C测年界在此基础上探讨了^14C方法应用于商周历史纪年的希望。1996年夏商周断代工程正式立项,利用^14C测定判别武王克商年代范围的任务得以实施。1998年初两个常规^14C实验室以3‰测定精度,前后开始对陕西丰镐遗址出土样品^14C测定,并于1998年10月6－7日先后公布了^14C数据,提出武王克商代范围应判别在公元前1050－1020年间。1998年下半年AMS室开始测定。三室测定数据对比结果基本相合,利用殷墟,琉璃河等遗址出土的样品系列作^14C测定得出的结果,与上述年代范围一致。1998年11月30日公布了天计算结果,与测定结果不谋而合,经多方面反复验证,历时近二年,都无法动摇已有的判别结果,具有较高的可信度。     

曹魏封王变革政治过程之考察

曹魏封王是三国史研究的重要问题,前贤时修虽有论及,然于细密之处仍有遗缺,特别是其所昭示的政治地理意义,尚缺深入研究。今将相关史料悉数辑出,钩沉索隐、条分缕析,从封王地域和封王层级的变迁比较出发,寻绎曹魏"以郡为国"、"以县为国"往复变更的诸多原因,从而进一步揭示曹魏政治地理因素与政权运作之间的互动关系。     

武王克商年代考

国家"夏商周断代工程"初步确定商周断代在公元前1046年,他们依据的前提是"当年岁星是在鹑火星次",比实际情况--"当年岁星是在天鼋星次",多了6个星次.所以,他们的推算方法虽然是正确的,但是因为所依据的前提错误,结果不对.依据对月象词、星象词和西周时期历法的认识,以岁星(木星)的运行规律可知,牧野之战发生于公元前1039年夏历的三月四日.我们判断,武王伐商是当年的二月一日壬辰,二日癸巳早晨从周地出发,二月戊午师逾孟津,二月晦日越五日甲子在牧野与商纣王战斗.     

Identifying King Stephen’s artillery

References to artillery in sources for English history from 1066 to 1189 are typically vague. Eschewing the technical Latin terms ballista, mangonel or onager, medieval writers in the period tended towards generic words like machina. This habit prohibits the positive identification of specific weapon types present at Anglo-Norman/Angevin sieges and thus full interpretations of the engagements themselves. This essay suggests an alternative, contextual methodology. After first assessing the physicality of a siege zone (landscape, topography and fortification architecture), it applies knowledge about artillery type and operation (range to target, trajectory, shot type and size) in order to see what weapons could and could not have been deployed in the zone. When such contextual information is available, the method can help identify weapon type in the absence of specific terminology. The examples presented here are King Stephen’s sieges of Lincoln in 1141 and Faringdon in 1145.     

商纣俎醢侯伯新证

战国秦汉时的文献中常言商王纣脯醢俎杀诸侯方伯,并认为这是周武王兴兵讨伐、商纣亡国的一个主要原因。古今不少学者对此多有怀疑。今地下出土的晚商金文及殷墟甲骨文资料可证商纣俎醢酋长侯伯并祭祀先王完全是历史事实。从殷墟卜辞看,商代从武丁起以人为牲的情况呈递减趋势。商纣俎醢酋长侯伯不是个人品质性格问题,而是殷人文化习俗观念使然。     

“元王诗”考索

自宋代以来,《汉书》所载元王诗多被人目为《鲁诗》,但其证据存在诸多疑点。因此,考察《元王诗》的归属是进一步地弄清汉代《诗经》传承版图的一个重要内容。本文从《元王诗》被看作《鲁诗》的过程出发,具体分析了《元王诗》非《鲁诗》的原因,并比对了刘向《诗》学观点与楚元王封地附近的汉代《诗》简,从而最终判定《元王诗》是汉代《诗经》传授中的独立一支,刘向所习主要是《元王诗》而非《鲁诗》。所以从刘向《诗》学中辑考的鲁诗也非《鲁诗》。     

南京报恩寺阿育王塔出土香料溯源研究

2008年南京报恩寺阿育王塔出土了白木香和乳香两种北宋时期香料。本文梳理了南京报恩寺及阿育王塔的历史,通过文献说明了阿育王塔与宋代长干寺圣感舍利宝塔的关系;整理了我国古代典籍中对白木香和乳香的记载,考证出阿育王塔中的白木香乃沉香中的上品,乳香是印度的上品乳香-滴乳;探究了七宝阿育王塔中装藏白木香和乳香的缘由。最后,综合前人对现代白木香和乳香有效化学成分的分析结果,比较了阿育王塔出土白木香和乳香的有效化学成分。     

England,France, the papacy and the Flemish succession, 1361-9

International politics in the 1360s were dominated by a diplomatic duel between England and France to secure the marriage of Margaret de Male, only child of the count of Flanders and ‘the richest heiress in christendom’. This struggle ultimately involved every major European power, including the papacy and the Empire, and resulted in wars in areas as far apart as Hainault, Castile and Lombardy. It was eventually won by the French, leaving the English with a bitter resentment both toward the Flemings and, more especially, towards the papacy, which had been instrumental in securing the victory for France.