Evaluating protein residues on Gainey phase Paleoindian stone tools

Blood protein analysis provides a method for acquiring and interpreting archaeological data bearing on human–animal relationships. The present study makes use of cross-over immunoelectrophoresis (CIEP) and a large sample of stone tools (N = 130) from an early Paleoindian site pertaining to the Gainey phase (ca. 11,200 BP) of the Midwestern USA. Results are used to interpret toolkit organization and site structure, and indicate that hafted tools with longer use-life potentialities are more likely to be associated with preserved residues than are tools of a more ad hoc or situational character. Protein residues derived from cervids are the largest category of identified samples, a result consistent with an interpretation that these animals were important first-line resources of Gainey phase populations. The identification of caribou (Rangifer sp.) is notable. Interpretations of subsistence importance, however, must be tempered by an appreciation of the possible confounding effects of tool manufacture and maintenance in early Paleoindian contexts.     

试论殷墟二期中型墓中的北方文化因素

本文对殷墟二期中型墓中出土具有北方文化因素的器物进行了多角度分析,首先归纳种类以及组合,其次通过每种北方文化因素的出土位置探讨其所蕴含的意义,然后将北方文化因素分为单纯和融合型两种,最后根据出土环境对这些中型墓主的身份做了推测,并结合历史文献和甲骨文资料,大致勾勒出殷墟二期北方文化因素来到中原的途径.     

双墩遗址、侯家寨遗址彩陶与红衣陶制作工艺的初步研究

双墩遗址、侯家寨遗址的彩陶和红衣陶,在制作风格和制作工艺等方面,在一定程度上反映着其文化特征。将双墩和侯家寨等相关遗址的彩陶和红衣陶的制作工艺作比较分析,明确了红彩和红衣的物相,并较为深入地探讨了它们的制作工艺和文化内涵。     

大嘴子第三期文化聚落遗址研究

本文在《大嘴子》考古报告的基础上,对大嘴子第三期文化的聚落遗址进行了综合研究,对诸如聚落形态、陶器变化、文化去向、社会性质以及族属研究等方面进行了初步探索。     

试论新砦陶器盖上的饕餮纹

一、有关饕餮纹的资料１９９９年１０月～１２月,在北京大学古代文明研究中心李伯谦先生的倡议下,北京大学考古文博院与郑州市文物考古研究所联合对河南新密市新砦遗址进行了试掘（请参阅本期简报①）,取得了较为重要的收获。其中尤为引人注目的是在Ｔ１Ｈ２４中发现了一件刻有饕餮纹的陶器盖（编号为９９ＨＸＸＴ１Ｈ２４∶１）,其虽然已残,但饕餮纹面部几乎可以复原。（图一,１、２）由于我们认为其在相关问题的探讨上具有非常重要的意义,所以不惜冒小题大作之嫌特将其结合相关材料,单独列文讨论,不妥之处,敬请方家指正。该陶器…     

利益格局变迁与非直接利益冲突

利益冲突是引起现代社会冲突的两种基本因素之一,阶级意识（阶级认同）是阶级社会中从阶级矛盾到阶级冲突行为发生的关键环节。在现代社会,社会公平感是现代社会冲突行为发生的主要中介变量。当今中国群体性事件增多,折射出非直接利益冲突的特点,反映出利益相对剥夺感群体由对物质利益分配的不满转向对社会公平公正价值理念的怀疑,这将会直接削弱统治的“合法性”基础。     

少数民族史学的发展与多民族统一国家观念的形成

Chinese culture is established by bringing together many nationalities. Chinese historiography has recorded the development of this great culture. Among these records, ethnic minority historiography reflects one important aspect for identifying the historic trend of the formation of a united multiethnic nation. A comprehensive study on the development of Chinese ethnic minority historiography shows that it can be divided into six phases: the Pre-Qin period to the Qin and Han dynasties; the Wei, Jin, Southern-Northern and Sui-Tang dynasties; the Liao, Song, Xia, Jin and Yuan dynasties; the Ming and Qing dynasties (before 1840); the modern times (1840–1949); and the contemporary times. Deep analysis of these phases would inevitably improve the study of the history of Chinese historiography. Translated by Ding Haiyan from Hebei Xuekan 河北学刊 (Hebei Academic Journal), 2007, (6): 91–94     

偃师二里头遗址第一期文化应比新砦期二里头文化为晚

本认为,河南龙山化晚期为夏代早期化,二里头化第一期为后羿、寒浞代夏以后的物质化,新砦期二里头化的发现既填补了两之间的空隙,也证实二里头化第一期非为夏代化的初始。     

PLAGUE AND POWER RELATIONS

Public policy and economic practice, quintessential expressions of institutional cognition, create an opportunity structure constituting a tunable, highly patterned,‘non‐white noise’ in a generalized epidemiological stochastic resonance that can efficiently amplify unhealthy living and working conditions, particularly within highly concentrated, marginalized urban populations, to evoke infectious disease outbreaks. This is especially true for the infections carried by socially generated ‘risk behaviours’ which are usually adaptations to histories of resource deprivation or marginalization. A number of local epidemics originating in such ecological keystone communities may subsequently undergo a policy and structure‐driven phase transition to become a coherent pandemic, a spreading plague which can entrain more affluent populations into the disease ecology of marginalization. We use this approach to contrast the ecological resilience of apartheid and egalitarian social systems, and apply these perspectives to the forthcoming social and geographical diffusion of multiple drug resistant (MDR) HIV from present AIDS epicentres to the rest of the United States.     

亦谈晋侯稣编钟铭文中的历法关系及所属时代

晋侯稣编钟铭文对研究西周历法及月相词语的含义和所指时间有着极其重要的价值。研究认为,西周金文月相词语所表示的时间是定点的,各表示太阴月中固定而又明确的一日;晋侯稣编钟铭文中的历法关系表现为月分大小,干支相连续;晋侯稣编钟属于厉王三十三年(公元前846年)器。