双墩遗址、侯家寨遗址彩陶与红衣陶制作工艺的初步研究

双墩遗址、侯家寨遗址的彩陶和红衣陶,在制作风格和制作工艺等方面,在一定程度上反映着其文化特征。将双墩和侯家寨等相关遗址的彩陶和红衣陶的制作工艺作比较分析,明确了红彩和红衣的物相,并较为深入地探讨了它们的制作工艺和文化内涵。     

试论新砦陶器盖上的饕餮纹

一、有关饕餮纹的资料１９９９年１０月～１２月,在北京大学古代文明研究中心李伯谦先生的倡议下,北京大学考古文博院与郑州市文物考古研究所联合对河南新密市新砦遗址进行了试掘（请参阅本期简报①）,取得了较为重要的收获。其中尤为引人注目的是在Ｔ１Ｈ２４中发现了一件刻有饕餮纹的陶器盖（编号为９９ＨＸＸＴ１Ｈ２４∶１）,其虽然已残,但饕餮纹面部几乎可以复原。（图一,１、２）由于我们认为其在相关问题的探讨上具有非常重要的意义,所以不惜冒小题大作之嫌特将其结合相关材料,单独列文讨论,不妥之处,敬请方家指正。该陶器…     

大嘴子第三期文化聚落遗址研究

本文在《大嘴子》考古报告的基础上,对大嘴子第三期文化的聚落遗址进行了综合研究,对诸如聚落形态、陶器变化、文化去向、社会性质以及族属研究等方面进行了初步探索。     

河南焦作化电集团西晋墓发掘简报

2003年10月焦作市文物工作队发现一座西晋墓(2003JHM1),清理出武士俑、牛车、角兽、马、灶、井、多子槅、俑等文物23件(套)。根据墓葬形制与随葬品判断此墓时代为西晋中期。     

THE SHELBY FOREST SITE IN SOUTHWEST TENNESSEE AND EARLY MISSISSIPPIAN RED-FILMED POTTERY IN THE CENTRAL MISSISSIPPI VALLEY

Abstract

The Shelby Forest site in southwest Tennessee is an Early Mississippian component characterized by Varney Red Filmed ceramics. Comparison to other sites in the Reelfoot Lake area of west Tennessee and the Upper St. Francis Basin of Missouri and Arkansas allows refinement of the direction, timing, and characteristics of influences from these areas northeastward to American Bottom and southward into the Yazoo Basin of Mississippi. Subsequent influences from the Cahokia area into the southern Yazoo Basin and northeast Louisiana are also discussed.     

再论温江鱼凫村遗址第三期文化遗存的性质

结合近年来考古新发现,对以鱼凫村遗址第三期文化遗存为代表的、分布于成都平原的一支考古学遗存,进行辨析与研究,认为由于其独特的文化内涵和所处文明发展阶段,应该从宝墩文化中单列出来,并根据考古学文化命名的基本原则,建议将这类主要分布在成都平原地区、距今4000～3700年的考古学文化遗存命名为"童凫村文化".相信这一判断,...     

The origins of pottery as a practical domestic technology: Evidence from the middle Queen Creek area, Arizona

The site of Finch Camp in the middle Queen Creek area of Arizona, southeast of Phoenix, has produced some of the earliest evidence of utilitarian pottery use in the US Southwest. Using multiple lines of evidence from vessel morphology, surface alteration, and minute fatty acid residues in vessel walls, I evaluate the nascent function of the earliest vessels (mostly neckless jars, or tecomates) and infer a diachronic process of functional expansion from about 350 B.C.-A.D. 400. This evidence provides robust evidence for evaluating various theoretical models of pottery origins. I argue that utilitarian pottery was initially adopted in connection with the intensification of small particulate plant foods (e.g., seeds, grains) and increasing household-level control over resources. Further, vessel functions may have expanded during the early centuries A.D. in response to women’s task-scheduling conflicts stemming from increasing residential stability and growing reliance on low-level horticulture.     

Evaluating protein residues on Gainey phase Paleoindian stone tools

Blood protein analysis provides a method for acquiring and interpreting archaeological data bearing on human–animal relationships. The present study makes use of cross-over immunoelectrophoresis (CIEP) and a large sample of stone tools (N = 130) from an early Paleoindian site pertaining to the Gainey phase (ca. 11,200 BP) of the Midwestern USA. Results are used to interpret toolkit organization and site structure, and indicate that hafted tools with longer use-life potentialities are more likely to be associated with preserved residues than are tools of a more ad hoc or situational character. Protein residues derived from cervids are the largest category of identified samples, a result consistent with an interpretation that these animals were important first-line resources of Gainey phase populations. The identification of caribou (Rangifer sp.) is notable. Interpretations of subsistence importance, however, must be tempered by an appreciation of the possible confounding effects of tool manufacture and maintenance in early Paleoindian contexts.     

透闪石玉物相构成及沁蚀演化机理新解

中国是世界上玉文化源远流长的地区,随着玉文化研究的深入和玉学的兴起,玉石的物相构成及受沁演化机理成为学界和出土古玉鉴定中的重要问题。由于埋藏环境的作用,许多玉器出土时的面貌和成分结构已发生很大改变。本研究运用扫描电子显微镜及能谱仪(SEM-EDX)、显微激光拉曼光谱仪(MLRM)和傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)等分析设备,对湖北省京山市苏家垄遗址春秋时期M88号墓棺内出土的4件玉器残片以及1件现代透闪石玉原石开展比较研究。研究确认透闪石玉中除了纤维状的矿物成分,还包含玻璃相的高级脂肪酸盐,分布于晶界及晶体间隙的玻璃相脂肪酸盐在玉石晶链间形成缓冲,使透闪石玉具有较高的韧性,不易崩碎。当腐蚀发生时,脂肪酸盐会变质分解溶出,部分会在玉石裂隙及疏松处富集并吸附其他物质,致使玉石受沁。脂肪酸盐大量流失后,透闪石玉晶链因失去缓冲而极易碎裂。此时,链状结构中Ca-O键和Fe-O键因强度低于Mg-O键而优先断裂流失,使得玉石内阳起石结构减少,外观由半透明向不透明转变,甚至白化。关于古代玉石中脂肪酸盐来源及其对玉石影响的研究,为古玉研究开拓了新的途径。     

水盐冻融条件下莫高窟砂砾岩晶相蚀变特征研究

盐害引起的硅酸盐质文化遗产劣化是文物保护工作面临的难题,尤其水盐侵蚀作用导致的砂砾岩蚀变行为与岩石微观结构变化之间的关系研究更是难点。通过对采集于莫高窟崖体的砂砾岩块进行矿物自动定量分析(TIMA)、X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线荧光(XRF)等表征,发现试验岩块在含盐水溶液中进行冻融循环后,岩块中的钠、钾长石类组分发生了向高岭石类物相蚀变的行为,同时伴随着岩块本身碎裂。离子盐溶和水环境引发的交代作用是水盐冻融循环过程中砂砾岩矿物组分发生蚀变的主要原因。方解石、白云石和绿泥石等矿物的蚀变表现为晶相溶蚀和重构,石英发生部分晶格畸变。这种砂砾岩矿物组分受外界环境变化引发自身晶相转变、重构的行为使岩体微观结构发生变化,导致崖体在力学性能上产生劣化,引发崖体裂隙扩大、失稳等,也是遗址基体底部掏蚀,坍塌的主要原因。