The Negative Effects of Insufficient Support Systems on Kuwaiti Mothers of Children with Disabilities

Parents raising a child with a physical or cognitive disability are often faced with the negative stigma against disabilities that exist in several Arab countries. This puts extra pressure on the parents and can lead to negative outcomes for the children. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of parenting stress and varying levels of support for mothers of children with disabilities and the effects of these pressures on their relationship with their disabled child. We surveyed 85 Kuwaiti mothers of children with disabilities. The participants filled out an online survey with questions regarding parenting related stress, perceived social support, feelings of social isolation, self‐efficacy, and attachment to their child. Results indicate that mothers who feel unsupported by their families, community, and government experience more parenting stress and greater social isolation. These in turn lead them to feel less competent in their parenting abilities, and ultimately they feel less emotionally connected to their child. Implications of these findings are discussed.     

A Historical Inevitability?: Kissinger and US Contacts with the Palestinians (1973–76)

This article examines Henry Kissinger's role in shaping US strategy towards the Palestinian issue between 1973 and 1976, focusing a series of direct and indirect covert contacts with the Palestine Liberation Organization and its representatives during these years. Although scholars have correctly noted that Kissinger's Middle East policy concentrated on reconciling Israel with the Arab states, particularly Egypt, these contacts suggest an intent to keep open the possibility of bringing the PLO into negotiations with Israel.     

关中中心聚落地域结构的形成与演变

本文论述了关中地区县级以上中心聚落体系的形成与地域结构的演变过程。指出:关中地区中心聚落体系的真正形成是以秦推行郡县制为标志,到秦统一已基本形成完整的首位城市与县级聚落二级制体系。从东汉开始,关中中心聚落的等级结构则由二级逐渐变为三级制;中心聚落在空间分布上,表现为由沿渭河两岸的密集型向政治色彩较浓的区域均衡化转变,唐以后则向以经济为主的工商城市体系转变。此外,作为首位城市的西安(长安)城,在城市地域结构上也有变化,最显著的是政权中心区与市场区的区位空间发生了几乎完全相反的变化。     

《搜神记》词语校释琐记

《搜神记》作为魏晋南北朝名的志怪小说,具有较多的当时口语成分。本是关于《搜神记》语词的读书札记,内容包括语词校勘和训释,共10条。     

《姑妄言》校点本的几个问题

《姑妄言》是一部在国内失传已久的孤本小说,颇具文献和文学价值。现行影响较大的点校本存在有错字、脱文与衍文、标点之误、正文误作评语、删节等问题,有违古籍整理出版的规范性和学术性。     

论孙中山对训政时期的政治设计

训政思想是孙中山关于中国革命与建设思想中的重要内容。孙中山在这一思想中对训政时期的民主政治建设进行了全面规划和设计,这是对中国的民主政治建设道路所进行的理论探索和框架性的建构设想,其中所体现的一些基本精神和原则是积极的、可贵的,但也有不足之处。     

论美国早期汉学研究

美国汉学兴起于19世纪中叶,起步虽晚,但发展迅速。早期美国汉学研究有两个显著的特征：一是以来华传教士为主体。裨治文、卫三畏是其中主要代表。他们精通中文,熟悉中国历史文化,汉学研究水平之高、程度之深、范围之广是前所未有的。二是注重中国现实特别是关注中国近代化问题的研究,从而开启了美国汉学注重现实的先河,使汉学研究摆脱了欧洲汉学古典规范的束缚。但早期美国汉学也存在着缺乏专职性和研究群体单一性的严重不足。     

宋代商业性讲史的兴起与通俗史学的发展

在宋代,商业性讲史活动开始出现并日趋兴盛。其主要表现为,讲史身份与讲史目的的商业性。讲史听众与讲听关系的商业性。讲史场所的商业性等。商业性讲史的兴起,是宋代经济发展、都市商业繁荣在史学中的一种反映。宋代商业性讲史的主要内容和基本精神是积极的,健康的。其最直接的作用,是推动了通俗史学的发展。其社会效应是提高了民众的化素质,强化了对普通民众的道德教化。     

北宋西夏间贡赐交往中的开封与兴庆（银川）

北宋对外交往活动中,与西夏王朝维持着一种特殊的政治经济关系。双方官方的贡赐交往,在宋都开封与夏都兴庆之间架起了一座桥梁。两个城市之间相互学习,取长补短,使夏化得以长足发展,同时也使宋化广为传播。开封、兴庆之间的影响是相互的,而开封对兴庆的影响则是主要的。     

论戊戌百日维新忽起忽落的原因及教训

戊戌百日维新之所以会“忽起忽落”,是因为康有为不恰当地介入了光绪和慈禧之间的矛盾和斗争。康有为的扶光绪抑慈禧之策,迎合了光绪的某种需要,故戊戌百日维新“忽起”;而所谓的“尊帝讨逆”、救光绪,康有为、谭嗣同谋诛荣禄、兵围颐和园,直接威胁了慈禧的地位,致使戊戌百日维新“忽落”。