大遗址保护管理体制与机制研究综述

本文试对近年来就大遗址保护管理层级、管理机构、管理人员、规章制度、经费以及其他大遗址管理相关主题展开讨论的学术会议、科研课题及论文进行梳理,以期管窥大遗址保护管理体制与机制研究现状,为更深入、系统地开展相关研究奠定基础.     

Lithic production,site formation and Middle Palaeolithic palimpsest analysis: in search of human occupation episodes at Abric del Pastor Stratigraphic Unit IV (Alicante,Spain)

We present the results of an exercise in Middle Palaeolithic palimpsest analysis geared toward the identification of human occupation episodes. It is based on a combined reading of the archaeosedimentary deposit and the archaeological record of Stratigraphic Unit IV from Abric del Pastor (Alcoy, Alicante, Spain), chronologically framed within MIS 4–5. A study of site formation processes coupled with archaeostratigraphic analysis of the lithic record incorporating Raw Material Units (RMU) and refits, as well as with combustion features and faunal remains enabled identification a minimum of 4 and a maximum of 6 human occupation episodes within lithostratigraphic units IVa, IVb and IVc. Through our data it reaches a high resolution temporal frame close to the ethnographic time scale, which constitutes a significant contribution for the knowledge of human occupations types and landscape use in the Mediterranean rim of the Iberian Peninsula during Middle Palaeolithic.     

Statistical means for identifying hunter–gatherer residential features in a lithic landscape

Techniques are described for extracting circular rock features from landscapes dominated by clasts of the same type from which cultural features are composed, using as a test case a large stone circle residential site in western Wyoming, USA. Methods consist of point plotting all relevantly-sized culturally and naturally-deposited clasts in the field and identifying potential cultural features using point density analyses tools in ArcGIS. Potential rings are either accepted or rejected as cultural features by comparing clast frequency, density and distribution in internal, feature-ring, and external spatial buffers to ethnoarchaeological data recording stone circle size and morphology and to similar data generated from a control sample of off-site, naturally-occurring clasts. The results of the analysis are used to discuss group size, mobility type, and duration of site occupation and to explore problems of assessing such at surface archaeological sites resulting from palimpsest-type site formation processes.     

广州南越国宫署遗址出土五代十国刻款瓷器研究

广州是五代十国南汉国的都城兴王府所在地,自1995年以来,在南越国宫署遗址发掘出南汉国时期的宫殿和池苑等遗迹,出土大量晚唐至五代十国时期的陶瓷器,部分瓷器还刻写有"掌要局""要""女""卢""昌""官"等款识,内容涉及南汉宫殿、内廷官署、职官和皇帝宠臣等。这些瓷器既有五代越窑生产的秘色瓷,也有定窑和景德镇窑白瓷,还有南汉本地生产的青瓷等。这些瓷器为研究南汉宫廷用瓷来源,南汉与中原及吴越、南唐、闽等周边政权关系等方面提供了重要实物资料。     

Site exploitation territories and topography: Two case studies from palaeolithic spain

Several methods of relating on-site and off-site data for developing and testing hypotheses about man-environment relationships and prehistoric subsistence economies have been devised since the original proposal for site-catchment analysis in 1970. We review the principles involved in these methods, and emphasize the importance of distinguishing clearly between Site Catchments (SCs) and Site Exploitation Territories (SETs). We propose that the distorting effects of variable topography have crucial importance in understanding the tactical reasons for using particular sites in regional exploitation strategies and demonstrate a simple technique for calculating this distortion. Two case studies from the Upper Palaeolithic of Spain show the potential of the technique. One focuses on the relationships between site clusters, the other explores the relationships between sites within site clusters.     

Late Holocene climatic fluctuations and soil genesis in southern Patagonia: effects on the archaeological record

Geoarchaeological research conducted at five localities in southern Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego identified a mollisol within late Holocene aeolian and colluvial deposits associated with archaeological material. The mollisol's origin and development are related to an increase in humidity (c. 1000 BP) following an episode of severe drought during the Medieval Warm Period. Corroborating data is supplied from dendroclimatic and pollen studies. A drastic reduction in frequency of artefact distribution recorded at the sites studied corresponds to this pedologic event, suggesting a greater human presence at these sites during earlier, regional-scale arid conditions. However, the paucity of archaeological remains may also be the result of the low resolution of cultural evidence following the pedologic development due to superimposition over previous archaeological deposits.     

湖北宜城老鸹仓遗址试掘报告

老鸹仓遗址位于湖北省宜城市,面积约60000平方米,为配合襄荆高速公路的建设,湖北省物考古研究所于2000年对该遗址进行了试掘,试掘面积为130平方米。此次发掘共揭露屈家岭化灰坑3座、房址1座、瓮棺4座,石家河化灰坑10座、灰沟2条、房址一座、墓葬2座及瓮棺4座。屈家岭化的出土物包括陶碗、豆、盆、罐、杯、纺轮,骨族、簪以及动物遗存等;石家河化的出土物包括陶碗、豆、鼎、杯、罐、网坠、纺轮,骨针,石斧以及动物遗存等。此次发掘为这两种化的分期提供了新的依据。     

The Flintlock Site (8JA1763): An Unusual Underwater Deposit in the Apalachicola River, Florida

In the fall of 2001, staff of the Florida Bureau of Archaeological Research were led by river divers to an underwater site in the Apalachicola River containing a large concentration of prehistoric and historic artifacts lying on the riverbed. Subsequent inspection of the submerged river bank and scoured limestone river channel revealed a myriad of objects, which included iron fasteners, metal tools and implements, broken glass bottles, stone projectile points, scattered bricks and stone blocks, and other materials. Discovery of two large fragments of a wooden watercraft, a bayonet, a copper arrowhead, and flintlock gun barrels initially prompted researchers to hypothesize that the site might represent the remains of a U.S. Army boat that was attacked in 1817 by Seminole Indians while en route upriver. The episode, which caused the deaths of more than 30 soldiers and several women who were aboard the boat, led to the First Seminole War and the U.S. Army invasion of Florida. To investigate this hypothesis, a systematic survey of the riverbed was undertaken in the spring of 2002 to record underwater features and recover additional diagnostic artifacts. These activities employed side-scan sonar as well as diver visual investigations. This paper presents a case study of the value and broader significance of aggregate data where interpretation was underpinned by artefactual, historical and environmental analysis.     

The design of effective and efficient trial trenching strategies for discovering archaeological sites

This paper reports a study on the effectivity and efficiency of trial trenching strategies for site discovery within the context of Dutch archaeological heritage management. It discusses the principles of site discovery by means of trial trenching, and suggests the optimal strategies for trial trenching survey, based on the results of simulations. Effective and efficient strategies for discovering different groups of archaeological sites are given, according to their presumed size, shape and feature density. The recommended strategies will be included in the Quality Norm for Dutch archaeology.     

关于"南关外期"文化的几个问题

南关外中、下层应为同一时期的地层堆积.南关外遗址最具特征的鬲式鼎、素面斝、素面爵等陶器来源于湖北盘龙城遗址.考古资料表明,二里冈文化时期盘龙城与郑州商城的关系密切,两地遗物互有发现.郑州南关外发现的带有浓厚湖北盘龙城因素的遗存,是外来文化融入郑州地区商文化的一种表现.