东晋士族世袭领州制初探

东晋时期,在士族势力高度发展和东吴世袭领郡制的基础上,两者结合形成了士族世袭领州制。士族之间凭门户势力的较量,分别相应地统领不同的州,虽随条件变化作出进退,但都围绕着一州的统领权作为轴心来运转。其实质是士族把持政治,按门户档次分配地域权益,并希望世代保持下去。     

西安新发现的两座元代墓葬壁画颜料研究

西安市雁塔区集中发现了一处元代家族墓,是陕西重要考古新发现之一。其中两座编号为M38、M40的墓葬残留壁画,壁画残损但颜色鲜艳,基本保留了颜料层结构信息。为了解这两座元墓壁画的颜料类型,通过剖面显微观察、扫描电子显微镜-能谱、拉曼光谱和显微红外光谱分析等多种方法,对壁画颜料成分开展了调查分析。结果显示:壁画颜料包含矿物颜料和有机染料——红色颜料有铅丹、朱砂、铁红,黑色颜料为炭黑,白色颜料为白垩,绿色颜料为石绿,蓝色颜料为石青和靛蓝；墓葬M38的壁画有白灰层,墓葬M40的壁画无白灰层。靛蓝的应用是西安地区继唐代韩休墓壁画中发现之后的又一使用实例,为靛蓝在元代作为绘画材料在壁画中的使用提供了新的资料。研究结果也将为两处元代墓葬壁画后续的保护修复提供重要参考。     

长沙马王堆三号墓主再议

内容提要长沙马王堆三号墓主究竟是第二代侯利还是利的兄弟,是近来马王堆汉墓研究中争论得比较激烈的一个问题。本文从该墓的下葬时间、遣策内容和“利”封泥等三个方面对此问题进行探讨,认为墓主下葬的年代是这场争论的最关键之所在。如果不能对此作出合理解释,“利说”便很难令人信服,只能让位于“利兄弟说”。     

《史记》与《周易》

《史记》深受《周易》的影响,本文从以下几个方面作了说明司马迁十分推崇《周易》,视其为圣人之书;“致命遂志”是司马迁的最高价值追求;“殊途同归”、“易简”、“时变”等观念是其写作《史记》的重要指导思想;《周易》中的很多辞句,成为其立论的依据。     

In-Plane Seismic Response Analyses of a Historical Brick Masonry Building Using Equivalent Frame and 3D FEM Modeling Approaches

ABSTRACT

This article aims at contributing to the seismic performance assessment of a historic brick masonry building by finding a strength reduction coefficient through the use of linear and nonlinear modeling approaches, using Finite Element Method and Equivalent Frame modeling. To reduce the uncertainties, ambient vibration tests (AVT) were implemented. Series of simulations was performed using nonlinear dynamic analyses and incremental dynamic analysis curves were compared with the pushover curves. Results indicate that the mass-proportional pushover curve meets the mean of results obtained from IDA and the strength reduction coefficient falls into the range given in EN 1998–1 for unreinforced masonry.     

非完整性墓葬异地搬迁保护规程化研究

价值高、完整度好的墓葬越来越多选择整体搬迁保护。但在考古工作中,有结构缺损的非完整性但价值较高的墓葬不在少数。西安出土一座关中地区少见的、形制完整的宋金时期砖雕墓,尽管其结构局部缺损但研究价值高,是研究该时期墓葬形制、丧葬风俗的重要补充。为完整保留墓葬形制,兼顾再研究与展示,欲进行搬迁保护。保护前通过建立物理力学模型模拟墓室质心的偏移校正,并分析计算搬迁过程中砖壁的倾覆风险,确定了采取保留外部土圹固型、内部加固支撑的整体吊装搬迁方案;再根据理论计算出留土高度、通过模拟实验改进彩绘层隔离保护工艺,成功实现该墓葬的整体搬迁保护。本工作在文物搬迁保护中引入理论模型对缺损结构的量化评估,探究搬迁保护规程化方法,可为同类非完整性但价值较高的墓葬搬迁保护提供方法借鉴。     

两晋南北朝等级婚姻初探

婚媾讲求门第等级 ,历来大抵如此 ,并有它相对的合理性。但在两晋南北朝时代 ,这种风气愈演愈烈 ,变成了不具条文的金科玉律。两晋南北朝等级婚姻十分讲究门当户对 ,以保持世家在政治、经济等方面的特殊地位 ,这种婚姻给当时社会带来了一系列严重后果     

Introduction: Historical geographies of internationalism, 1900–1950

This introduction to a special issue on historical geographies of internationalism begins by situating the essays that follow in relation to the on-going refugee crisis in Europe and beyond. This crisis has revealed, once again, both the challenges and the potential of internationalism as a form of political consciousness and the international as a scale of political action. Recent work has sought to re-conceptualise internationalism as the most urgent scale at which governance, political activity and resistance must operate when confronting the larger environmental, economic, and strategic challenges of the twenty-first century. Although geographers have only made a modest contribution to this work, we argue that they have a significant role to play. The essays in this special issue suggest several ways in which a geographical perspective can contribute to rethinking the international: by examining spaces and sites not previously considered in internationalist histories; by considering the relationship between the abstractions of internationalism and the geographical and historical specificities of its performance; and by analysing the interlocking of internationalism with other political projects. We identify, towards the end of this essay, seven ways that internationalism might be reconsidered geographically in future research through; its spatialities and temporalities; the role of newly independent states; science and research; identity politics; and with reference to its performative and visual dimensions.