国外社会化媒体在旅游业中的应用研究进展及启示

随着信息技术在旅游业中的广泛应用,新技术和新应用对旅游业的发展产生了深远影响,并促使旅游研究范式发生转变。基于社会化媒体与旅游业紧密结合的现实,通过对国外社会化媒体和旅游相关研究进行梳理,从社会化媒体概念界定、社会化媒体类型划分、社会化媒体对旅游主客体的影响、社会化媒体在旅游业中的应用四个方面进行了归纳和综述。研究发现,目前国外关于社会化媒体与旅游的相关研究处于快速发展阶段;社会化媒体对旅游业的多方面深刻影响也逐渐被学者认识,但是研究的广度和深度还有待加强。最后,从基础理论和实际应用角度提出相关的研究启示。     

游地社区恢复力认知测度与影响因子分析——以千岛湖为例

人是社会-生态系统的主要决定性因素,旅游地社区恢复力提高是旅游地可持续治理的关键。运用通径分析方法,从治理、社会、经济及生态系统4个维度建立社区恢复力认知测度模型,定量测度千岛湖社区认知恢复力,识别脆弱性及应对能力认知对社区恢复力的复杂影响。结果表明：①社区恢复力认知可提取8个因子,政府治理在社区恢复力中的作用最为显著,是社区恢复力提高的主导力量。②千岛湖恢复力认知综合平均值为2.42,处于中等偏下水平。社会子系统恢复力认知值最高,生态和经济子系统恢复力认知值最低,系统发展应关注生态资本的积累与保护以及经济发展的多样性与稳定性。③社区脆弱性、个体和政府应对能力的各变量对社区总恢复力及各维度认知呈现出错综复杂的关系,政府应对能力对总恢复力及各维度认知的影响相对最强,个体应对能力对多数恢复力认知维度未产生明显影响。需进一步发挥个体作用,促进个体和政府的共同参与,提高社区恢复力。     

基于归属感及价值感视角的用户参与影响研究——以在线旅游社区为例

近年来关于用户参与的研究大受欢迎,但鲜有研究从用户参与广度和深度出发,基于社区归属感及服务个人价值独特视角深入探讨用户参与对用户忠诚的影响。本文以在线旅游社区为例,以个人价值理论和基本心理需要理论为基础,采用情境问卷法构建了包含用户参与、用户忠诚、社区归属感及服务个人价值的结构方程模型。研究表明：用户参与广度和深度对用户忠诚都有显著正向影响;安宁生活价值、社会融合价值和社区归属感显著中介于用户参与和忠诚的关系,其中社会融合价值中介作用最强,但社会认同价值没有发挥显著中介作用。本文的新发现在丰富学术界对用户参与相关研究的同时,还对在线旅行企业如何提高用户忠诚有较大参考意义。     

西方国家移民聚居区研究进展及启示

西方国家对移民聚居区的研究可以追溯到20世纪初的美国“芝加哥学派”,随后经历了同化主义、多元主义、异质本地化和跨国主义研究思潮,不仅拥有丰富的实证研究成果,而且形成了较为完整的理论体系和研究框架。总体上看,对移民聚居区的研究,区位选择方面经历了中心城区到郊区的演变,空间类型包括族裔飞地、族裔社区和族裔郊区,移民聚居区经济经历了单个案例到不同案例的对比研究,形成机制方面从民族团结理论转向不同作用者和空间生产理论,此外,西方移民聚居区还加强了反作用和空间效应的研究。本文在评述西方移民聚居区研究的基础上,结合国内移民聚居区研究现状,提出中国相关研究在研究视角、研究问题和研究方法的借鉴之处。     

Reproductive cancer: female autonomy and border crossing in medical discourse and fiction

Using three contemporary Irish novels: Down By the River and The Light of Evening by Edna O'Brien and My Dream of You by Nuala O'Faolain as well as Irish Medical Journal, I suggest that representations of female cancers are images of female pathology that reify and question disease as limitation of autonomy. Tracing the image of reproductive cancers through parts of the Irish cultural artifacts displays how both the fiction and Irish medical discourse attend disproportionately to female reproductive cancers. The texts construct female bodies as sites of pathology through textual representations of reproductive cancer and build upon Irish metaphors of landscape as female, which conceptualize women's (immobile, permeable) bodies as the site of invasion. Thus, fiction and health genres construct (and restrict) gender autonomy through two versions of border control: movement across body borders and movement across spatial, especially geopolitical, borders.     

The Symbolic Politics of Belonging and Community in Peri‐urban Environmental Disputes: the Traveston Crossing Dam in Queensland,Australia

This paper examines a recent dispute generated by the Queensland State Government proposal to build the Traveston Crossing Dam on the Mary River in southeast Queensland, Australia. It is particularly concerned with the ways in which interrelated issues of belonging, community identity, and social diversity were negotiated during the anti‐dam campaign. As an unusual alliance of farmers, environmentalists, urban retirees, some Aboriginal people and others, it takes a view of the anti‐Traveston Crossing Dam campaign as a fluid network of people and approaches the notion of community identity as the symbolic construction of similarity. Locally specific, the paper describes pertinent aspects of community politics in the context of rural socioeconomic change, and the mobilisation of heritage. With regard to local senses of belonging, it also discusses the involvement of Aboriginal people during the campaign. More broadly then, this paper attempts to make an ethnographic contribution to the study of environmental disputes and the politics of alliance in peri‐urban areas of settler‐descendant societies such as Australia.     

From Hawaii to Glasgow: The International Network for Learning and Teaching Geography in Higher Education (INLT) Five Years On

This paper examines and reflects on the activities of the International Network for Learning and Teaching Geography in Higher Education (INLT) from its founding at the Association of American Geographers' Annual Conference in Hawaii in 1999 to the post-International Geographical Congress workshop in Glasgow five years later. It provides a context and introduction to the following six papers, which resulted from the Glasgow workshop. It is suggested that, despite some of the proposals in Hawaii proving over-ambitious, several other projects have emerged and the INLT continues largely to meet the goals and purposes set out in 1999. Although the desire of the INLT to move beyond its Anglo-American and Australasian origins largely remains a challenge to be met, the INLT has established itself as a valuable forum for the geography higher education community to identify and reflect on similarities and differences in national practices, to engage in debate virtually and face-to-face on issues concerned with learning and teaching, and to bring geographers from different countries to work together on educational projects.     

“Dissemination as Intervention”: Building Local HIV Competence through the Report Back of Research Findings to a South African Rural Community

Abstract: What ethical obligations do researchers have to research informants in marginalised communities in serious distress? Our “dissemination as intervention” exercise reported research findings back to a South African rural community—using a dialogical approach which sought to strengthen participants’ confidence and ability to respond more effectively to HIV/AIDS. Nine workshops were conducted with 121 people. Workshops provided opportunities for participants to start developing critical understandings of the possibilities and limitations of their responses to HIV/AIDS, understandings which constitute a necessary (though obviously not sufficient) condition for further action. Workshops alerted participants to the valuable role played by local HIV/AIDS volunteers, facilitating reflection on how local people might better support the volunteers. These discussions served as the impetus for the establishment of a three‐year community‐led intervention to further these goals.     

Settler nationalism: Ulster unionism and postcolonial theory

Despite the capacity of postcolonial theory to accommodate a wide variety of situations, one area of postcolonial experience still has not received much attention – the experience of non-hegemonic settler colonies, that is settler colonies that did not in the end succeed in dominating native populations politically or culturally. Analysis of the unionist community in Northern Ireland offers a number of refinements to postcolonial theory at the same time that it demonstrates how postcolonial theory can enrich our understanding of non-hegemonic settler populations. While every postcolonial culture, native or settler, is uniquely structured by specific historical circumstances, there are features that many of these cultures share, such as hybridity, estrangement, incommensurability, contradiction, mimicry, miscognition, ambivalence, resistance, and the construction of mythical/historical narratives. The structure of these features, however, differs between native and settler cultures, and it differs in a way that makes one culture the mirror image of the other. This should not be surprising since the same colonial situation produces both native nationalism and settler nationalism, and they are both subject to similar colonial contradictions. Recognising settler nationalism as a legitimate part of postcolonial studies opens up the possibility of exploiting the in-betweenness of settler cultures. Emphasising this in-betweenness, and thus its affinities with native nationalism, suggests that settlers, particularly non-hegemonic settlers, are likely to find more in common with the natives they see themselves in opposition to rather than with the colonisers they identify with.