中苏在援越抗美问题上的冲突与矛盾(1965—1972)(上)

1965— 1 972年越战期间 ,苏联为向东南亚地区渗透 ,调整其对越政策 ,加强援越力度 ,苏越关系趋向密切。而此时中苏关系逐渐由敌对走向对抗 ,中苏关系恶化 ,这在很大程度上影响毛泽东对于内忧外患问题的思考 ,并进而影响了以此为基础的中国对外战略调整。事实上 ,中苏两国在援越问题上不可能携手共同行动 ,而且还有争夺越南的利害冲突的成分 ,这使得中苏在同时援越的过程中产生冲突和矛盾 ,特别是越南在其抗美救国的战争中力争得到中苏双方的最大援助 ,使得这种纠葛更加突出起来。本文着重论说对越物质援助中的中苏之间的矛盾与冲突 ,并对其发生背景、发展变化作了一个历史考察     

中国饮食辛辣口味的地理分布及其成因研究

本文将统计分析、实地考察、文献记载结合起来研究认为,经过历史时期的发展,现在中国在饮食口哧上形成了长江上中游辛辣重区、北方微辣区和东南沿海淡味区三个辛辣口味程次的地区。最后认为冬季日照数少、湿润而寒冷是形成辛辣重区的环境因素,同时也分析了形成辛辣重区的社会因素,如移民等因素。     

突破口的选择至关重要--中苏改革比较初探

20世纪七八十年代,中苏两国先后进入了一个重要的历史时期.1978年底,以邓小平为代表的中国共产党人作出了实行经济改革,对内搞活,对外开放的重大战略决策,拉开了中国改革的序幕;1985年3月,戈尔巴乔夫当选苏共中央书记后,也引导苏联走上了改革之路.实践证明,中国改革从农村率先开始这个突破口选对了,它使中国发生了翻天覆地的变化,同时为摆脱传统的思维定势,起到了不可估量的启蒙作用.而戈尔巴乔夫选择重工业为突破口,这与其经济结构的调整发生了尖锐的矛盾,对苏联改革的整体进程以及其他许多方面,都产生了深远的负面影响.     

菲律宾政府的海外菲律宾人政策探析

近三十年来,菲律宾向世界各地输送了大量海外移民,尤其是劳工移民。菲律宾政府为此实施了诸多积极有效的海外移民政策。如实施《移民劳工和海外菲律宾人法》等政策法规,维护劳工移民和海外菲律宾人的权益;设立高效协作的移民管理机构,为海外菲律宾人提供全方位保护和服务;实行双重国籍政策,赋予海外菲律宾人公民权;设立"海外菲律宾人月"等节日和"总统奖"等奖项,表彰海外菲律宾人的杰出贡献等。这些政策的实施,加强了海外菲律宾人对祖籍国的向心力和凝聚力,他们在菲律宾的社会经济发展中发挥着重要作用。     

参与·交流·互鉴——国际文物修护学会2014香港会议纪实

由故宫博物院院长单霁翔率团参加国际文物修护学会2014香港会议,同与会各国代表开展文物修护技艺交流、互鉴活动.国际文物修护学会主席莎拉·斯坦尼福斯女士授予单霁翔院长国际文物保护领域最高学术荣誉——“福布斯奖”,以表彰单院长在文物领域做出的卓越贡献.     

Designing the model European—Liberal and republican concepts of citizenship in Europe in the 1860s: The Association Internationale pour le Progrès des Sciences Sociales

The formation of citizenship as a concept to define the rights of participation in the formation processes of modern territorial states is well known. But the transnational dimensions of defining citizenship and how to combine national legislations with enlightened universal and natural law rules in the mid-19th century is not very well known. The article aims to explore the transnational discourses on the political, economic and moral rights and duties of the citizen in the pan—European liberal Association Internationale pour le Progrès des Sciences Sociales. During the 1860s, its congresses should serve as a vast commission of enquiry and should eventually lead to a general definition of citizenship in Europe which could be implemented in national legislations. The article shows how the Association Internationale tried to deduce universal moral rules from national legislations and peculiarities by the means of moral or positive social science. In combining moral unity with national and regional diversities, the Association Internationale tried to give an elastic framework for a European civil society in which national subjects should become active citizens.     

‘Human and nothing but human’: How Schmittian is Hannah Arendt's critique of human rights and international law?

Recently legal theorists have pointed out that whereas members of their profession often assume that post-war scholarship had broken with the past completely, political theorists have paid far more attention to questions of influences and continuities in their discipline. This also holds regarding the legacy of Carl Schmitt whose case both as a jurist and political writer is particularly pressing not only for intellectual historians, but also for discussants across a broad range of fields in law and political science. It is in this context that my paper examines Hannah Arendt's immediate critique of the Declaration of Universal Human Rights in 1948. I will juxtapose Schmitt's and Arendt's critiques, arguing that these display more than superficial parallels and yet conflict in their basic contentions. I also hope to show that discussing Arendt's critique in conjunction with Schmitt's allows us to pose some more general questions about the relevance and meaning of intellectual backgrounds and influences.     

Tracing population mobility in the Aegean using isotope geochemistry: a first map of local biologically available Sr/Sr signatures

Strontium isotope ratio (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr) analysis of archaeological human skeletal remains is an efficient method of investigating past population movement and residential mobility by determining probable geographical origins for the individuals examined. For this to be achieved, however, a map of biologically available ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr signatures across the region investigated is needed. This paper presents a first such map for the Aegean, based on ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr values recovered mainly from archaeological animal dental enamel and modern snail shells from sites largely distributed in the southern part of this region. Although not exhaustive, this comprehensive dataset of local biologically available ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr signatures shows a marked difference between Mainland sites of the Pindos and Parnassos zones and the islands of south-eastern Aegean crossed by the Sub-Pelagonian zone (0.70808–0.70869), and sites in the central Cyclades and the north-eastern Aegean islands falling into the Attic-Cycladic metamorphic belt and the Vardar zone, respectively (0.70926–0.71187). Biologically available ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr values from sites on central Euboea in the Pelagonian zone, south-eastern Attica and the western Cyclades in the Attic-Cycladic metamorphic belt, and on Crete in the Gavrovo zone are also relatively high (0.70853–0.70931), but lower than those recorded for the central Cyclades and the north-eastern Aegean.     

毛泽东对苏外交坚持独立自主原则述论(1949—1965)

独立自主是我国外交政策的根本原则,1949至1965年,毛泽东在对苏外交中始终坚持独立自主原则。中苏关系从同盟走向破裂,主要是由于毛泽东对独立自主原则的坚持,与苏联控制中国之心的矛盾不断激化的结果。     

Towards Eurasia: remapping Europe as ‘upstart peripheral to an ongoing operation’

In order to heed the call in world literature studies to work against disciplinary Eurocentrism by refiguring both what constitutes world literature and how this is read, in this article I propose world literature as an archive of world-making practices and as an impulse for the articulation of alternative methodological approaches. This takes world literature from the postcolonial South as, following Pheng Cheah, instantiating a modality of world literature in which the need for imagining worlds with alternative centres to those determined by coloniality is particularly acute. A response to this is facilitated and illustrated by a reading of Bengali poet Rabindranath Tagore’s Letters from Russia (1930), and South African writer/activist Alex La Guma’s A Soviet Journey (1978). By drawing forward connections between the postcolonial South and the former Soviet Union, this complicates traditional colonial arrangements of the colonial ‘centre’ as cradle of civilisation and culture, as well as postcolonial scholarship’s cumulative fetishisation of ‘Europe’, by allowing a reshuffling of the co-ordinates determining ‘centres’ and ‘peripheries’ and a more nuanced grasp of ‘Europe’ simultaneously. These imaginative journeys destabilise ‘Europe’ as closed category and call forth Eurasia as a more appropriate categorical–cartographical framework for thinking this space and the connections and (hi)story-telling it stages and fosters.