论“不改变原状原则”的本质意义——兼论文物保护科学的文理交叉性

物保护是一门新兴的理交叉并重的综合性学科,其内容是多方面的,对物进行保护时的方法也不是唯一的,可以有多种选择,这就需要对物保护原则有深入的理解。本从考古学、博物馆学的本质出发,论述了不改变原状原则的本质意义,也只有从本质上认识和理解不改变原状原则,才能在具体的物保护实践中自觉、灵活地运用。     

我国地下空间权法律制度的建立与完善

城市土地资源随着当今社会发展日显稀缺和珍贵,地下空间日益成为人们生活拓展的新领域。我国《物权法》虽然明确规定了地下空间的用益物权性质,但与其开发利用的发展实践相联系,目前在立法上尚存在诸多的漏洞。本文从地下空间权作为物权的合理性出发,就如何建立与完善其相关的法律制度进行初步探究。     

中华人民共和国史研究的现状

20世纪80年代初以来,中华人民共和国史研究逐渐在学术界兴起,经过近30年的努力取得了引人瞩目的成果:建立了正式的研究机构和学术团体,形成了具有一定规模的研究队伍;编辑出版了大量档案文献,为学术研究提供了有利条件;发表或出版了大量研究成果,推进了学术研究的深入发展;纳入了国民教育体系,为学术研究的持续发展培养了一批专门人才。今后需要进一步明确学科定位,拓宽研究视野,加强学科建设,挖掘档案文献。     

黄河上游流域史前社会生活简述

本文通过对生活在黄河上游陕、甘、宁、青四省区史前先民住宅建筑、饮食习俗、衣着发式、装饰、交通等问题的考述 ,综合论证了他们的社会生活状况     

Civiliser en Grèce Ancienne Adoucir la Nature et Naturaliser la Force

Ancient Greeks had neither a single notion nor a single word to express the idea of civilization. As a process of living since the origins, civilization appears as a serie of acquisitions or losses that lead to an ambivalent human condition. As a state, it is a blend of three factors: a diet and an education that tame nature; a legal political system and just foreign politics. But in the Greek language, the same word expresses a political system and domination (archê). Dionysius of Halicarnassus by speaking of the Roman domination as a just and natural phenomena, makes it a civilizing power.     

《元声韵学大成》版本及研究状况考

明代濮阳涞的《元声韵学大成》具有鲜明的个性和革新精神,在明代韵书中有重要地位。但受《四库全书总目提要》评价过低的影响,近人和当代学者对该书只作概述性的介绍,不见深入剖析。本文对该书的作者、版本及研究状况加以介绍和考证,对该书在语音和语音史方面的价值加以讨论,希望籍此使该书的各方面价值都能得到认识和重视。     

Comparing Regional Biodiversity Benefits of Investment Strategies for Land‐Use Change

The need for public investment to address loss of biodiversity in agricultural landscapes is well recognised, yet there is little analysis of the likely benefits of land‐use change for regional biodiversity or the cost effectiveness of different investment options. We estimated benefits for biodiversity and cost effectiveness of different investment scenarios over 50 years for a farming area in south‐eastern Australia. Declines in biodiversity were predicted under status quo land use. Implementing actions in the investment scenarios improved biodiversity status only slightly, compared with status quo land use. Future biodiversity status differed little between biodiversity‐focused investment and salinity‐focused investment. Biodiversity status equalled or exceeded current status only for investment scenarios with much more extensive revegetation than in catchment targets. Cost effectiveness of biodiversity improvement varied greatly between investment strategies. Biodiversity improvement was more cost effective when investment to meet catchment targets was focused on revegetation for salinity management rather than on high conservation value areas, because of lower opportunity costs for salinity management. With enhanced investment, the cost effectiveness of biodiversity improvement was greater when actions were in high conservation areas. Although improvements in biodiversity were small under the changed farming system scenarios, their cost effectiveness was higher than the other investment scenarios. Regional scale improvements in biodiversity in farming areas will require increased stewardship payments or other economic incentives for landholders.     

我国文物保护理念的探索

我国的文物保护修复在借鉴西方完整的科学体系和方法的基础上,结合自身独特的传统文化特色,探索并建立了相关的理念与方法。我国的文物保护修复理念应以保护并体现文物完整的价值为最高准则,遵循不改变文物内含的一切原始信息的"不改变文物原状"的原则、有利于文物长久保存的"最小干预原则"和有利于文物价值完整体现的"可识别原则",综合运用传统修复保护技术与现代科技成果,以全面揭示文物的价值内涵,有效保护文物的原真性、完整性和科学性。     

Molluscan foraging efficiency and patterns of mobility amongst foraging agriculturalists: a case study from northern New Zealand

A New Zealand example illustrates the potential of foraging efficiency (FE) measures to inform not only on human-prey dynamics, but also to help identify situations where mobility is constrained or stimulated. Marked declines in Māori molluscan FE, coupled with increased shellfish usage, are identified over a ca. 450-year period at the coastal locality of Harataonga Beach, New Zealand. The potential effects of climate change are considered using newly available southwest Pacific multi-proxy records and temperature sensitive species, but correlations are lacking. The molluscan results signal possible restrictions on logistic and/or residential mobility in late prehistory, while evidence from the broader cultural landscape points to increasing agricultural investments and marked social competition. The Ideal Free Distribution model (IFD) is used to consider regional-scale interactions between foraging efficiency, agricultural developments, and competition, and their effects on mobility. Geographic and temporal variation in the patterning and causes of population movements is highlighted through this model, particularly differences between large game foragers in the south and populations with mixed economies in the north. In late prehistory, many northern areas including Harataonga apparently experienced reductions in the geographic scale of population movements, coupled with intensified intra-territorial mobility. The latter was an outcome of labour being widely dispatched across tribal territories, quasi-specialisation in subsistence tasks, and pooling and exchange of resources through a variety of social mechanisms which often involved population movements.     

散文美教学谈

散文的美着重表现在它的结构美、意境美、语言美。这也就是我们在散文教学中要解决的重点、难点。