有关高力士的几个问题--读高力士的《神道碑》及《墓志铭》

高力士本名冯元一。他著名于唐代,是因为他与唐玄宗的政治生命相始终。他帮助玄宗取得政权、巩固政权,又随玄宗失去政权,最后又为维护玄宗的地位而被逐出京。他因受宠于玄宗首为内侍监。他为史官修史提供了重要资料,柳芳修撰《唐历》与他密切相关。他的终年是73岁而非79岁。     

我国的商品检验市场和检验事业

我国对外贸易历史悠久,但追溯正式的商品检验机构的设立至今不过百年的历史,历经曲折发展,从一个方面透视了中国对外关系的变化。新中国的成立为发展独立自主的商检事业创造了条件,改变了过去的不平等地位,检验机构逐步建立健全,为商检事业的进一步发展奠定了基础。改革开放为中国商检事业的发展开创了新的局面。为使商品检验逐步适应对外开放和市场化进程,我国对商检工作进行了管理体制的改革,制定和完善了一批商品检验法规。随着我国加入WTO,我国检验市场也逐步形成并正在经历一场深刻的变革。     

基于可达性的县域医疗服务均等化分析——以湖北省松滋市为例

中国县域城乡和不同乡镇之间的发展存在较大差异,在卫生领域表现尤为突出。在偏远农区,医疗资源短缺、卫生服务落后和健康保障缺位现象普遍存在。本文以湖北省松滋市为研究区域,以包括行政村和居委会的聚落点为基本研究单元,将可达性分析与聚类分析相结合,评估并表达不同区域医疗服务均等化水平并探讨相关公共政策。结果表明:(1)在县域尺度,医疗服务均等化水平空间差异明显,呈现出中心城区向周边递减的情况;(2)医疗服务均等化水平与经济发展水平分布格局上存在空间同型特征;(3)聚落中心、交通沿线可达性较高,而交通的改善会显著降低空间阻抗系数,促进均等化进程。     

西方地理学视角下的生产性服务贸易研究进展

服务业已成为国际贸易中发展最快的部门之一,生产性服务业作为其中最具有贸易可能的部门,已引起了西方地理学界的关注。本文试图基于地理学的视角,从区别于国际贸易学的角度对西方学者在生产性服务贸易的概念、产生、开展、影响,以及研究的方法等方面的内容所做研究进行述评,进而提出生产性服务贸易研究中值得进一步探讨的问题。     

中心城区金融服务业空间集聚过程与格局研究——以潍坊市奎文区为例

近年来金融服务业发展成为我国经济与地理领域学者关注的新热点。本文通过GIS空间分析和电信黄页统计模拟,对潍坊市中心城区奎文区金融服务业的集聚现状、空间演变趋势进行了实证研究,重点探讨了金融服务业集聚格局的形成过程及演变机制。结论指出:金融服务业空间高度集聚于中心城区CBD内(单核心),集聚主要受城市等级规模和政策推动的影响;较之非银行业(保险业、证券业和其他金融活动),银行业时空演变规律性更强,但总体都呈现"轴向扩散"、"楼宇主导"态势;演变过程和城市主导发展方向、城市功能转型相契合,空间表现为由非均衡向相对均衡发展的格局过渡。     

Geographies of Industrial Convergence: The Case of Retail Banking

This paper considers the relationship between space, place and the convergence of industrial structures and organizational forms by way of an analysis of the retail banking industry in the USA and the UK. The paper examines this process from two theoretical positions. It does so firstly by viewing the process of convergence through the analytical lens of political economy, which looks for explanation in broad structural forces, such as changes in regulatory space and pressures on profitability. The paper then goes on to draw attention to some of the limitations of interpretations of this kind by drawing attention to the importance of place-based evolutionary economic change, and the ways in which conventions of industrial restructuring are transmitted over space. By way of illustration the paper focuses upon the organizational and practical implications of the implementation of two banking technologies: Magnetic Ink Character Recognition (MICR) and telephone banking. In doing so, the paper calls for accounts of economic change to pay attention to the rich histories of industrial sectors and for a more active account of economic change which pays attention to the ways in which outcomes are produced through the mixing and borrowing of technologies and practices through space and over time.     

Services for immigrant women: an evaluation of locations

The Toronto region receives one‐quarter of new immigrants to Canada and they become widely dispersed throughout the metropolitan area. Most immigrants arrive with language, social and cultural needs, creating demand for social services from existing agencies. ‘How can agencies choose locations that meet the needs of new immigrants?’ is the central focus. The results of a study in Metropolitan Toronto of 68 nonprofit agencies that provide a variety of settlement services for immigrant and refugee women are discussed. Immigrant and language groups and the agencies serving them are mapped; the locations of agencies are evaluated. While service agencies are responding to the arrival of new groups and the spatial dispersion of new immigrants, more services in the northern portions of the study area are required. The spatial dispersion of some language groups means that they have poorer access to services than groups that are concentrated in the traditional immigrant reception area. La région de Toronto accueille le quart des immigrants au Canada, et ceux‐ci sont dispersés dans l'agglomération torontoise. La plupart d'entre eux ont des exigences linguistiques, sociales et culturelles qui augmentent la demande en services sociaux dispensés par les organismes en place. Ce document porte essentiellement sur la façon dont ces derniers determinent les lieux de prestation de services qui répondront le mieux aux besoins des immigrants. II est également question des résultats d'une étude menée dans la communauté urbaine de Toronto auprés de 68 organismes à but non lucratif offrant un éventail de services d'établissement pour les immigrantes et les réfugiées. Les immigrants et les groupes linguistiques, ainsi que les organismes qui les servent, y sont répertoriés géographiquement. La localisation de ces organismes fait aussi l'objet d'une évaluation. La plupart répondent déjà aux besoins des nouveaux venus et tiennent compte de leur dispersion mais, selon cette étude, il faudrait plus de services dans le nord de l'agglomération torontoise. En raison de cet éparpillement, certains groupes linguistiques ont plus difficilement accès à des services que d'autres qui se trouvent dans les zones d'ancrage habituelles.     

西方地理学界关于信息产业与城市发展研究述评

80年代以来,西方城市地理学者从技术和现代经济的角度入手,在占有一定统计资料和实地调查的基础上,开展了信息产业与城市发展的研究。本文对西方地理学界关于信息产业与城市发展研究进行了评述。     

Labour internationalism and the public sector: The case of the Public Services International

This paper sets out the need to conceptualise labour internationalism in the public sector, given its distinct political character and orientation. Our analysis adds to a literature on labour internationalism that hitherto has mainly depicted strategies of unions in private sector industries. To better understand the reasons for upscaling trade union efforts in a sector where the main employer remains the institutional apparatus of the nation-state, we have interviewed office bearers in the most important global union federation organising across different public services – Public Services International (PSI) – asking them to explain their political and strategic considerations. We find that the distinct role of the nation state as an employer, the public character of work and specific relations between public sector workers and the users of services, are all determinants in shaping labour transnationalism in the public sector. This in turn leads to a greater emphasis on alliances with social movements and oppositional campaigns, representing a radical global political unionism. Neoliberal austerity and privatisation measures have reinforced the importance of such political relationships and power, but also challenged their organisational foundations. However, alliance-building is not PSI's sole strategy. We find that office bearers at the transnational level combines three strategic rationales through orientations that we have labelled the political-institutional, the movement-popular and the industrial-corporate. We also suggest that employing these sensitising concepts can bolster the scholarly treatment of understanding labour internationalism and its strategy repertoires more generally.     

Connecting meanings of ageing,consumption, and information and communication technologies through practice

Practices involving the consumption of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) are increasingly important to the maintenance of everyday life for older New Zealanders. Developing competency with ICT can provide a way of challenging negative discourses of ageing. Interviews with 20 older New Zealanders reveal that “keeping up” with the times, with changing technologies, and with others is a means by which to shape aged subjectivities. However, while competency in ICT practices enables participants to refute discourses of ageing that locate older people negatively as part of an aged digital divide, it can also work to reproduce this divide. Consequently, understanding the nuanced and situated nature of meanings related to ICT practice is necessary in order to interrogate normative assumptions associated with the “more than human” possibilities of ageing well.