Petrography of ancient Indian lime plaster

Samples of ancient Indian lime plaster have not previously been analysed. Excavation of a seventh century AD baked brick structure provided the necessary samples for a detailed laboratory examination of plaster. The plaster samples were studied by chemical and petrographic methods. The probable sources of lime and sand were indicated by the mineralogy.     

犍陀罗与马图拉造像艺术比较研究

犍陀罗艺术和马图拉艺术是贵霜王朝时期大乘佛教传播过程中产生的最重要的两种造像范式,两种佛像的雕塑材料、造型特征、艺术风格上都呈现出巨大的差异性。本文将两者进行比较,介绍了犍陀罗和马图拉艺术的文化、地理范围和分期,列举了犍陀罗和马图拉造像艺术的主要差异性。根据两地出土文物证实,两者虽然归属于独立发展的艺术体系,但两者之间始终联系紧密、互为影响。马图拉艺术所代表的印度本土因素,在犍陀罗艺术形成初始期就已经对犍陀罗造像产生影响,并一直持续至犍陀罗艺术晚期灰泥阶段。受犍陀罗艺术"迦毕试样式"的影响,贵霜时代马图拉艺术出现了着通肩式佛衣、身材矮短的佛像。笈多时代马图拉艺术在融合犍陀罗灰泥造像的基础上创造了"湿衣佛像",并以此完成了印度佛像自诞生之日起便不断融入亚洲人审美特征、逐渐向着东方风格佛像回归的整个历程。     

水硬石灰在花山岩画加固保护中的应用研究

水硬石灰兼具石灰和水泥的优点,低收缩、耐盐、适中的抗压和抗折强度、水溶盐含量低,同时与传统的砖石建筑兼容性好,是一种天然、无污染、耐老化的无机材料。本工作针对花山岩画的开裂特点制订出相应的力学参数要求,配制出两种不同的水硬石灰砂浆,并对这两种砂浆的力学性能进行了分析。同时探讨了不同养护条件对水硬石灰砂浆拉拔强度的影响。现场试验结果说明,填补粘结材料可以提供一定的粘结强度,并且具有使用方便,污染小的特点,可用于花山岩画开裂岩体应急保护加固处理。     

快速定量装车站液压系统设计

该文首先介绍了快速定量装车系统的结构及工作原理,然后对其液压系统进行了负荷特性分析及系统流量计算,并在此基础上进行了快速定量装车站液压系统设计。该设计有效的满足了装车站高效率、高精度和重载荷的需求,并在现场应用中取得了良好的使用效果。     

Salt Effects in Plastered and Unplastered Outdoors Brick Masonry: Quantitative Laser Monitoring of Surface Decay Evolution

In masonry materials, the superficial decay is a widespread problem. Aggressive environmental agents such as moisture and salts trigger the damage by propagating through the material capillary pores. Although several studies have been carried out on salt crystallization and their damaging effects, additional research effort is required to better investigate this phenomenon on real cases and real weathering conditions. To this purpose, testing and monitoring tools capable of following degradation process since the early beginning are necessary. Repeated visual inspections are commonly used to monitor the superficial decay, but this technique is subjective and thus not capable of providing any quantitative information. In this work, an experimental campaign, carried out in Bologna, Italy, is presented. A two-header brick wall, one main face unplastered and one plastered, was stored outdoors and exposed to weathering over two summers. Before the start of the second aging season, moisture and salt capillary rise was simulated by low-concentrated sodium chloride solution (0.1% -wt). The aim was to favor solution evaporation and salt crystallization and to provoke material damage. The degradation process was monitored based on a contactless, rapid and accurate image diagnostic technique. In particular, high-resolution laser scanning by triangulation technique was adopted. Three-dimensional data acquisition was repeated at the end of both seasons. The proposed procedure successfully extracted quantitative information approximately areas of material spalling and detachment even in the initial phases of decay.     

The Legacy of Nineteenth-century Replicas for Object Cultural Biographies: Lessons in Duplication from 1830s Fife

The St Andrews Sarcophagus and Norrie's Law hoard are two of the most important surviving Pictish relics from early medieval Scotland. The entanglement of their later biographies is also of international significance in its own right. Soon after discovery in nineteenth-century Fife, both sets of objects were subject, in 1839, to an exceptionally precocious, documented programme of replication through the enlightened auspices of an under-appreciated antiquarian, George Buist. This well-evidenced case study highlights how and why replicas, things that are widely prevalent in Europe and beyond, are a ‘thick’ and relatively unexplored seam of archaeological material culture that we ignore at our peril. These particular replications also offer new insights into the vision, intellectual and practical energies of early antiquarian societies, and their web of connections across Britain and Ireland.     

Modeling and Control of the CSCEC Multi-Function Testing System

In order to promote the research and development on evaluating the seismic performance of structures, China State Construction Engineering Corporation (CSCEC) planned to construct a large-scale loading testing facility, the Multi-Function Testing System (MFTS). This facility can perform full-scale, real-time, 6-degree-of-freedom static and dynamic testing of rubber bearings and many types of structural components including long columns, shear walls and cross shape joints. The basic performances of the MFTS are a clearance of 9.1 m × 6.6 m × 10 m for specimen installation, maximum x-directional displacement 1500 mm, maximum y-directional velocity 1570 mm/s and maximum z-directional compressive load 108 MN. The system configuration and performance specifications of the MFTS are presented in this paper. The inverse kinematics model and the nonlinear model of the hydraulic servosystem of the MFTS are built. A modified feedback forward kinematics algorithm is developed for real-time control of the MFTS. Internal force characteristics of the loading system are analyzed. The internal force control method based on real-time solution of basis of internal force space is proposed for the system with large motion ranges. The motion controller combining position control loop and internal force control loop is developed. To meet the requirement of simultaneously imposing vertical compressive load and horizontal displacement, a mixed load and displacement controller is designed, where a direct force control loop is used to improve the response speed of the force control and reduce spatial dynamic coupling effects. Finally, a dynamic bearing testing is performed. The test results demonstrate that the system using the proposed controller has good abilities on position tracking, force balance, and load following.     

水硬性石灰改性土修复加固材料性能研究

针对土遗址土体坍塌、残缺等病害,为选择更好的土遗址修复加固材料,通过遗址土中添加水硬性石灰进行改性,分析检测水硬性石灰改性土修复材料的性能,并与石灰改性土材料性能进行对比分析。研究结果表明,与石灰改性土性能相比,水硬性石灰改性土修复材料夯土收缩率小、水稳定性好、抗压强度大和强度增加快、耐冻融性好;其性能优于石灰改性土材料的性能,适合土遗址土体坍塌、残损病害的修补加固,其研究成果为土遗址的保护修复加固提供科学依据。     

海上丝绸之路窑址裂隙充填灌浆材料比选室内试验研究

对裂隙进行充填灌浆,可以有效防止裂隙的进一步发展和雨水的渗漏,使遗址得以更好地保存。为比选出适宜于潮湿环境下窑址裂隙充填灌浆材料,采用烧料礓石、烧阿嘎土、砺灰三种传统石灰材料分别对浙江和福建四处"海上丝绸之路"遗址点的遗址土进行改性研究。测试改性后浆体材料不同龄期的抗压、抗折强度、收缩率,以及温湿度循环、冻融循环、水稳定性、安定性、耐碱性试验后试样的力学性能变化。试验结果表明,三种石灰类材料均具有良好的耐候性,但砺灰试样的耐冻融特性稍差、龄期强度低、收缩变形较大。烧料礓石改性试样具有较高的龄期强度、较低的收缩率、良好的耐候性。因此,建议将烧料礓石作为主剂应用于四处窑址的灌浆材料中。相关研究成果对窑址裂隙灌浆材料的选取具有实际指导意义。