《长安志图》与元代泾渠水利建设

《长安志图》是元代西北地区比较重要的一部方志,所载史料价值很高。论文对《长安志图》的作者李好文,《长安志图》的成书、版本及其与《长安志》的区别,《长安志图》所载元代泾渠的水利建设和管理,以及该志反映出的元末泾渠水利建设的历史教训等问题进行初步探讨。     

Selected physical parameters to characterize the state of preservation of waterlogged archaeological wood: a practical guide for their determination

Non-destructive and destructive methods for determining the physical parameters of waterlogged wood such as the porosity, the water content, the wet and dry bulk densities plus the density of the cell wall material are presented. Considerations in respect to determination of masses, volumes and sampling size are discussed.     

《竹书纪年》与夏商周断代工程西周王年的比较研究

今本《竹书纪年》中的西周年代大略承古本《竹书纪年》而来,但作了不少改动。其中最大的改动是周初武王、成王的在位年数误取刘歆《世经》的推排结果,以成王十八年为古本《纪年》所记西周年数共257年的上限,遂使武王克商年亦提前了24年。由今本推校和恢复古本的记载,并以所得结果与夏商周断代工程所拟《夏商周年表》的西周部分相比较,可知后者除个别王年(懿王元年)准确无误外,其他都不可据。工程忽视《纪年》,主要失误有二:一是相信旧说,对穆王在位年数估计过高;二是没有注意到西周晚期“共和”不单独纪年的事实。     

水溶性丙烯酸树脂在出土饱水漆木器脱水定型中的应用研究

为提高出土饱水漆木器脱水定型的效率,采用水溶性丙烯酸树脂对饱水漆木器进行了脱水定型试验,研究了不同状态下丙烯酸树脂对饱水漆木器的脱水效果。结果表明：使用水溶性丙烯酸树脂作为脱水定型材料,其脱水速率与相同浓度的PEG600相比提高了61％;脱水后器物外观尺寸最大收缩率为1．9％;抗吸湿性能提高了29．8％;脱水后器物的强度提高明显。     

Between colonising waters and extracting forest fronts: Entangled eco-frontiers in the Usumacinta River Basin

The eco-frontier concept has addressed the processes of certain territories that are subject to ecological concern and appropriation of different actors. This study approaches the underexplored interaction with the frontier. The article sharpens the focus on the relations between the eco-frontier and the frontier as both a naturally rich periphery with importance to political centres and as an advancing front. The research discusses empirical results in the case of the transboundary Usumacinta River Basin (URB), which extends from Guatemala's highlands and lowlands through three Mexican states to the Gulf of Mexico. Three historical stages of eco-frontiers—exploratory, epistemic, and institutionalised—are identified in the URB. Its entangled eco-frontiers transform wildernesses and waters to forest ecosystems with inhabitants both spatially and mentally, yet contain some colonial, geopolitical, and global components. This article suggests that the eco-frontiers are fundamentally created because of contemporary frontier dynamics.     

Liquid passions: bodies,publics and city waters

This article explores water’s capacities as a vibrant matter with specific properties that generates passions, attachments and a sense of belonging, and which enrols bodies in new connections, socialities, alliances and politics in unpredictable ways. Based on research into practices and engagements with water in a large urban public space the paper builds on studies of blue space. It concludes that water has the capacity to enhance a sense of well-being in those that swim in it and to mobilise a very particular sense of embodiment which gives this form of public space its distinctiveness constituting new forms of sociality and connections amongst diverse individuals. It seeks to do this by paying attention to the experiences of things themselves and the active participation of nonhuman forces in events and the ‘vital materiality’ that runs through and across bodies both human and non-human. The article also explores water’s capacity to be constituted and defined by experts as dangerous and risky matter, and to thus engender political associations and connections amongst diverse groups who seek to oppose such expert interventions.     

The implications of water storage for human settlement in Mediterranean waterless islands: The example of Pantelleria

Abstract

Consistent water supply is a common issue in the history of Mediterranean civilizations, where hydraulic solutions, such as cisterns, wells, reservoirs and aqueducts, were adopted for private and public supply. In this context, the island of Pantelleria, where surface freshwater is virtually non-existent, represents a unique case for understanding human–environment interaction in waterless environments. Here, in historical times, year-round water supply was only possible through the storage of rainwater in underground cisterns. An intensive field survey carried out across the island led to the discovery of hundreds of cisterns dated from the Punic and Roman periods to the present day. The study of the spatial distribution of the cisterns was compared with archaeological data on the island to gain new insights on historical settlement and demographic patterns. The present work focusses on a semi-quantitative assessment of water storage on the island of Pantelleria based on the evaluation of potential volumes of stored water for different periods. Data available for cisterns in Pantelleria have been analysed and compared with those from coeval Mediterranean regions. Calculations on the seasonal fluctuation between water demand and supply have been estimated to evaluate the efficiency of such system for sustaining human population and subsistence activities through time.     

基于结构面网络模拟的龙门石窟擂鼓台渗水产生机理研究

渗水病害在龙门石窟擂鼓台中发育明显,为明晰擂鼓台区渗水机理,现场对石窟内外共149条裂隙开展了调查。基于此数据样本,运用Monte-Carlo随机模拟生成了擂鼓台斜坡区结构面三维网络图。模拟结果显示,擂鼓台三窟中主要连通途径是由倾向NNW的层面和倾向SW和SE的两组近直立结构面构成,在石窟中部和南部结构面连通率分别高达87.1%和83.6%。综合该模拟结果及窟内外裂隙发育特征,可将擂鼓台北、中、南三洞渗水机理归结为:北洞SW、NWW倾向裂隙J12、J4加速2号平台滞水进入石窟顶部,洞内大量发育的倾向SW、SE裂隙向上与J12、J4连通,方便地表水渗入至洞内;中洞渗水受裂隙J12及J35控制,洞内大量发育的SW、SE倾向裂隙与J12、J35相通构成窟内主要渗水通道,其中J12与JM1直接相连是中洞渗水关键;南洞因山体缺失不存在沿层面渗水,地表水主要沿砌体与山体间隙及SE、SW倾向的J11、J31、J30等构造裂隙渗入,后在洞内连通程度较高的SW倾向裂隙引导下流至窟内表。本研究所取得的经验可为同行在以后类似工程中所应用。     

Urbanizing rural waters: Rural-urban water transfers and the reconfiguration of hydrosocial territories in Lima

This article studies how urbanization processes and associated rural-urban water transfers in the Lima region (Peru) create water control hierarchies that align the municipal drinking water company, hydropower plants and rural communities on unequal positions. By scrutinizing the history of water transfers and hydropower development in the Lima region, the paper shows how imaginaries about the superiority of engineering, the need to generate electricity for national development, the backwardness of the ‘land of lagoons’ where water is diverted from, and about wished-for water abundance in Lima, all became manifested in hydraulic megaprojects. More than technical means to supply water to Lima City, these hydraulic grids, supported by legal, institutional and financial governance techniques; produce diverging material, social-symbolic and political effects for rural and urban water users. While the established system means water control and access for hydropower and drinking water companies, it implies dependence and/or exclusion from the benefits for rural communities. More specifically and beyond questions of outright water grabbing, perceived injustices involve the distribution of water-related benefits, loss of autonomy, and the socio-environmental impacts of territorial transformations.