对开发陕西农业旅游的思考

农业旅游是一种新型旅游活动项目,它是当今旅游新需求的必然产物。本文从发展陕西农业旅游所具有的重要现实意义及其开发的可行性进行论述,并提出在进行农业旅游开发项目论证时应抓住的论证角度,力求为陕西农业旅游开发提供必要理论参考。     

陕西、河南地区出土唐代釉陶器釉层剥离原因分析

釉陶器在埋藏过程中,受物理及化学等因素的影响,会产生各种病害,釉层剥离是常见的病害之一。为了更深入地了解唐代釉陶器釉层剥离的原因并为以后的保护提供科学依据,对陕西、河南地区四个遗址出土的唐代釉陶器样品进行了显微观察、成分检测、热膨胀系数分析和吸水率测试。结果显示,四个遗址中,釉面保存相对完整且剥离现象较少的是巩县黄冶窑,而铜川黄堡窑、西安醴泉坊窑和乾县懿德太子墓釉陶器釉层剥离较为严重。进一步研究表明,釉陶器胎釉热膨胀系数不匹配和胎体烧结程度过低(因此造成吸水率过高)是影响釉陶器釉层剥离的主要内在因素。研究结果可为釉陶器的后续保护工作奠定基础。     

基于未来遗产说的三峡工程旅游发展研究

基于世界遗产的形成与发展规律,提出了"未来遗产说"。长江三峡工程作为中华民族伟大复兴的标志性工程,具有成为"未来遗产"的潜质。当前,三峡工程旅游发展应遵循可持续发展的原则,按照世界遗产委员会所确立的世界文化遗产评价标准,对具有时代特征的工程建设遗迹和代表性工程文化符号进行"遗产化"保护和开发,开发体验旅游产品,强化遗产教育功能,使之成为当代人留给后代人的"未来遗产"。     

明清时期漳河平原段的河道变迁及其与“引漳济运”的关系

漳河是海河水系重要的支流。历史时期,在自然环境与人为因素的共同作用下,漳河平原段具有易淤、易决与易徙等特征。本文以明清(1368-1911年)为研究时段,对漳河的变迁过程进行了尽可能具体、详细的复原和定位。并在此基础上,探讨了漳河变迁的特点与规律。     

石质文物表面墨迹的保护作用

在许多不可移动石质文物,尤其是石刻文字表面,因历代文人墨客的拓片留下了大量墨迹。这些墨迹是否对文物本体岩石有害?一直是保护工作者希望了解的问题之一。为此本研究开展了一系列调研和实验研究。通过对各地保存较完好的石刻表面的观察,可以发现石刻表面残留的墨迹具有某种保护作用;对模拟样块的SO2腐蚀实验结果表明,岩石表面的墨迹具有一定的阻止空气中腐蚀性气体侵蚀岩石的作用;盐迁移破坏实验也发现墨迹在某种程度上具有减小可溶盐结晶破坏岩石的作用。吸水率实验和电镜观察等结果显示,墨迹缓解岩石风化的机理主要是墨迹对岩石微裂隙具有填充和加固作用,使岩石的吸水系数降低,部分阻挡了可溶盐的入侵和聚集结晶。     

论水权流转的中国语境

水权能否自由流转,是判断其是否成为有效率产权制度的基本标准。本文阐述了水权流转的必要性,指出了我国水权流转制度的缺陷及其不足,并就健全与完善水资源流转法律制度提出了建议。     

明清时期山西地区的水稻种植

通过对地方志等历史文献的系统梳理,发现明清时期山西水稻分布范围有一定的扩展,除中部汾河谷地外,北部大同府、东南潞安府及辽、沁直隶州也有种稻的记载。明清山西水稻生产的两个高峰期出现在明成化至万历前期和清康乾时期。受水利等条件的制约,明清时期山西水稻种植面积普遍较小,难以形成大规模的水稻产区;水稻种植的推广多得益于地方官员的倡导。     

From private initiative to public intervention in Spanish water management: the case of the Muga and Fluvià rivers (1850–1930)

During the second half of the nineteenth century and the first third of the twentieth century, Spain, along with some other European countries, underwent a process of transition regarding water resources management. One of the most obvious transformations that occurred during this period was the increasing lead taken by the government in the building of large hydraulic structures and the subsequent decrease in the influence of private initiative in this matter. The government's aim was to exploit the water resources provided by the rivers to their full, and in particular to use the water that was destined for irrigation to maximum effect. The repeated failure of projects promoted by private companies led the government, not without problems, to enact regulations and create hydraulic plans to be put into motion by the public sector. This change in focus is the key to understanding the frenetic pace of hydraulic infrastructure construction that occurred later and which made Spain one of the world's leading nations in terms of indicators such as the number of large reservoirs in use. This article focuses on the transition from private initiative to public intervention and evaluates the main stages of this process in Spain. The cases of the basins of the Muga and Fluvià rivers, located in the extreme north-east of the Iberian Peninsula in Catalonia, are described in light of this process. This research attempts to verify that despite their modest size and their distance from the main decision-making centres, these two cases reflected the situation at the national level. This was just one of the many local effects of the transition process of water resources management in Spain, even though the results of this transformation would be neither immediate nor effective in the short term.     

Guide to Archaeostratigraphic Classification and Terminology: Definitions and Principles

Abstract

Recent developments in archaeological research have highlighted the need to build up a Guide to Archaeostratigraphic Classification and Terminology. Its preparation was undertaken by Workshop 2 (“Classification et Terminologie Archéostratigraphiques”) in the context of the International Geological Correlation Programme. The paper below is the first version of this Guide project; it is intended to propose some basic definitions and principles.     

Age determination of Petra's engineered landscape – optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) and radiocarbon ages of runoff terrace systems in the Eastern Highlands of Jordan

The unfavourable mountainous environment of the Petra region in southern Jordan was modified by ancient engineers to supply the Nabataean/Roman city of Petra with food and water. The area was reclaimed by installing extended runoff terrace systems and hydraulic structures. The agricultural terrace systems have so far been dated based on surface pottery, and the chronology of the systems is under debate. In this study, optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) and radiocarbon dating techniques were successfully applied to date these terrace systems. Samples were taken from the fills of agricultural terraces and underneath their walls to determine the chronology of the construction, use and abandonment of the agricultural terraces. The results suggest that runoff farming in the Petra region started around the beginning of the Common Era, and construction, use and maintenance lasted at least until 800 AD.