美国国家经济研究局关于当代中国经济问题研究的最新进展——以中国经济研究项目组2009～2010年的工作手稿为基础

美国国家经济研究局自2003年成立了中国经济研究项目组,在2009～2010年,该项目组共发布了24篇与当代中国经济有关的工作手稿,分别涉及当代中国的经济、人力资本、对外贸易等问题。通过这些手稿,可以了解到国外机构对于当代中国经济问题研究的一些新特点以及最新的发展趋势;可以在相关问题的研究中,得到比较全面的见解和看法,从多角度审视这些重要理论,在面对国内现实问题时提出更为有效的解决办法。     

田螺山遗址古菱角埋藏环境调查与保护对策的初步研究

本文运用多种化学分析方法分析了浙江省田螺山遗址的地层土壤和地下水环境,得出了不同地层中主要元素的分布规律：再对古菱角外壳遗存和现代菱角外壳进行扫描电镜和元素分析,总结古菱角经长期埋藏后,外壳结构和化学元素的变化规律：最后初步探索古菱角类植物遗存的科技保护时策。     

南水北调工程文物保护规划的编制与实施及其主要收获

南水北调工程是我国继长江三峡水利枢纽工程之后,又一项大型水利工程.它是一项合理配置大江大河水资源,缓解北方地区水资源严重短缺的惠民工程,是一项宏伟的战略性工程.南水北调工程中的文物保护工作是工程的重要组成部分,2002年初文物保护工作开始启动.经历了勘察规划阶段和实施阶段取得了重要收获.     

Getting personal while narrating the ‘field’: a researcher's journey to the villages of the Narmada valley

In this article, I discuss my experiences, dilemmas and emotions following my field surveys conducted in the rehabilitated villages of Sardar Sarovar. The Sardar Sarovar Project (SSP) is a multi-purpose river valley project that has dislocated thousands of Adivasis and non-Adivasis from their traditional lands. I have used the narrative method to research and gain insights into the lifestyle changes of the Adivasis displaced by the SSP. Accordingly, I reflect critically on the negotiation of ethics and insider–outsider status in international field research and pay close attention to the importance of reflexivity, positionality and power struggles.     

Loyalist Tattoos and Tattooed Generals in the Song Dynasty

According to Yue Fei’s biography, when the legendary general was slandered and interrogated for treason, he tore the shirt off his body, exposing four characters tattooed on his back: “Exhaust one’s loyalty in service of the state.” This study looks at two components of the Yue Fei story—patriotic tattoos, and tattooed generals—and examines their meaning in the broader stretch of Song dynasty history. Yue Fei was not the Song dynasty’s only tattooed general who came to a tragic end. The Northern Song’s Di Qing was a tattooed soldier whose military merit allowed him to rise to the highest levels of power in the empire. Di Qing’s story makes it clear that tattooed generals were objects of suspicion and ridicule at court due to their military tattoos, a trait that linked them to the criminals and lower class men that manned the Song armies. Though military tattoos sometimes had a loyalist ring to them, they were carried out on a mass scale, and were a characteristic of coercion rather than fervent loyalism. This study shows that underneath the nationalist historical narrative of the Song dynasty, of which Yue Fei is a famous example, there lies a different story of social conflict within the Song state. Rather than a story of Chinese fighting non-Chinese and of traitorous and cowardly officials struggling with loyal patriots, this study offers a narrative of a social conflict between high-born clear-skinned officials and low-born tattooed military men.     

夏商周断代工程与夏商考古学文化研究

学习和了解自己的历史是每个国家的共同追求。中华文明是人类历史上少有的独立起源的古代文明之一 ,绵延流传 ,从未中断 ,世所罕见。无论是战乱、暴政或外族入侵及水旱灾疫 ,都未能阻止中华文明的持续发展和进步。历史的长河培育了伟大的民族精神 ,造就了民族的伦理道德 ,形成了强大的民族凝聚力。数千年来 ,我们的祖国虽然经过多次分裂 ,继之而来的是又一次的大统一。但中国历史还缺少夏商周以前和夏商周大部分的确切年代 ,我国古书记载的上古确切年代 ,只能依照司马迁的《史记·十二诸侯年表》追溯到西周共和元年即公元前 84 1年 ,再往上…     

文物保护中的“水害”问题

水是地球上分布最广泛的物质,几乎占去了地球表面的四分之三,地面上的任何物体始终遭受空气和水分的物理及化学作用。本阐述了各种状态下的水以及水在相态转变时对不同物材料的损害作用,以引起物保护工作对这一问题的重视。对于馆藏物,应控制环境湿度;对于室外物应依据环境和材料特征,查明水的来源,寻求防治对策。并且结合实例讨论了物保护中根据具体情况防止不同形态的水对物材料老化作用的一些措施,以供借鉴使用。     

Early Neolithic diets at Baijia,Wei River valley,China: stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis of human and faunal remains

Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope values are presented for faunal and human bone collagen from Baijia, in the Wei River valley region of Shaanxi Province, China. The remains have a calibrated age range of ca. 5709–5389 BC, and correspond with the early Neolithic Laoguantai Period. Stable isotopic results indicate that human diets included millet and probably aquatic foods such as fish and shellfish. Bovid samples are tentatively identified as water buffalo, and have a mean δ¹³C value of −14.6‰, which reflects some millet consumption. Whether bovids were grazing on wild millet, or had diets directly influenced by humans, is not known. The single Sus sample from Baijia had a diet dominated by C3 plants and is thus unlikely to have been a domesticated animal. Overall, the stable isotope results presented here conform to the current concept that the people of the Laoguantai culture were millet farmers, who had subsistence strategies that included hunted wild foods.     

山西忻州九原岗北朝墓葬壁画颜料及颜色变化分析

出土彩绘文物在环境突发剧烈变化的情况下常有变色或褪色现象,影响文物的安全及其艺术展示。为了解山西忻州九原岗北朝墓葬壁画发掘出土后色彩的变化规律,跟踪监测了该墓葬壁画红色、黄色、蓝色和黑色绘画区域的色度及相应的表面水含量,同时对颜料进行拉曼光谱分析。研究结果表明:该墓葬壁画所用颜料红色为HgS,黄色为FeO·OH,蓝色为(Na,Ca)_(7-8)(Al,Si)_(12)(O,S)_(24)[SO_4,Cl_2(OH)_2],黑色为C;壁画出土后轻微的褪色现象主要与环境湿度有密切关系。新出土壁画表面湿度较高,颜色鲜艳。随着画面干燥,壁画表面含水量的降低导致颜色饱和度降低,壁画色彩变浅。盐结晶的析出以及颜料颗粒脱落导致画面色彩饱和度降低,也可能导致壁画色彩变浅。     

古建筑木构件的防火处理与性能研究

古建筑具有重要的文化价值和经济价值,是重要的不可再生文化遗产。中国的古建筑以木为主要结构,而木结构的耐火等级低,这就造成了中国古建筑面临了一个极大的隐患——火灾,因此对古建筑木构件的防火处理与性能的研究迫在眉睫。为此,试验选取3种不同的木材和5种不同的阻燃剂作为研究对象,首先对涂覆不同阻燃剂的木材进行表观特征测量,然后分别采用热重分析法和扫描电子显微镜测试技术进行表征测试,最后分析阻燃木材的各种力学性能测试。研究结果表明:喷涂阻燃剂的木材其性能效果均优于未喷涂的木材。特别针对未涂油漆的原木构件,可以采用有机磷杂环阻燃剂或磷—氮类阻燃剂;普通油漆的木构件则适用于磷—氮类阻燃剂,而处理桐油木构件应用磷—氮类阻燃剂或阻燃油。