Accumulations research: Problems and prospects for estimating site occupation span

Accumulations research examines the dynamic relationship among artifact discard, duration of occupation, and population size. The history of accumulations research is reviewed, emphasizing studies that use accumulation rates to measure site occupation span. Ethnoarchaeological and experimental research demonstrates that cooking pots are an ideal artifact type for accumulations research. Data from the Duckfoot site in southwestern Colorado are used to develop an annual accumulation rate of cooking pot sherds for households. This rate is used, along with population estimates and estimates of the total cooking pot sherd accumulation, to determine the occupation span of five sites located in the nearby Dolores River valley.     

银器处理的一种新方法

巯基苯基四氮唑(PMTA)是近年来发现的优良的防银变色剂。本文采用了甲酸并添加了少量的 PMTA 对银器表面的锈垢进行了处理,效果较为满意。从一批墨西哥银元的试验中可以证明,这种处理方法对银器具有抗变色作用,其效果 PMTA 比苯骈三氮唑(BTA)好,因 BTA 与银形成的配合物膜是呈线型或网状型的结构,而 PMTA 与银形成致密的配合物膜,这膜具有面型的结构,它能更有效地阻断各种腐蚀介质与银的反应。     

Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios of bone collagen: Variations within individuals,between sexes,and within populations raised on monotonous diets

The stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios of collagen of seven bones from each of three rabbits raised on a monotonous diet, and of two bones from each of eight female and seven male mink raised on another monotonous diet, were determined. The ranges of δ¹³C values and δ¹⁵N values were 0·5‰ and 0·6‰ for the rabbit bones and 1·0‰ and 1·4‰ for the mink bones. Uncertainties in the δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N values for prehistoric human diets estimated from the isotopic composition of collagen from the small numbers of bones which are typically available for analysis, and thus likely to be of the order of ±1‰.     

再论西汉诸侯王墓车马殉葬制度

《考古》2002年第1期刊登有郑滦明先生所著《西汉诸侯王墓所见的车马殉葬制度》一文(以下简称《制度》),对我曾经论及西汉诸侯王墓所葬三辆真车马的性质定为魂车的观点提出了质疑     

Maps and the assessment of parish rates in nineteenth‐century England and Wales

Abstract

This paper reviews the role of maps in the assessment of rates levied for the relief of poverty in nineteenth‐century England and Wales and examines the relationships between tithe maps and parochial assessment maps both in general terms and with specific reference to Poor Law unions in the county of Kent. An appendix lists 207 parochial assessment maps made in connection with the levy of poor rates which are extant in the public archives and libraries of England and Wales. Other ‘lost’ examples of this genre awaiting discovery in parish churches and vestries will undoubtedly add to this small but important constituent of the corpus of English and Welsh cadastral maps.     

制度史研究的视野、路径与旨归——评《当代中国信访制度史》

“治理国家,制度是起根本性、全局性、长远性作用的。”A制度的创立和发展对国家建设以及维持社会秩序具有重要意义。也正因为如此,制度史一直是历史学者关注的一个重要研究领域。近年来,制度史研究的视野进一步拓展,路径进一步丰富,旨归进一步明确。学者们从关注制度本身到探索制度的具体实践形态以及在此过程中错综复杂的互动关系,更为深刻真实地展现了制度演变与实践的逻辑理路,使制度史研究呈现出更为丰富、立体与动态的面向。     

敦煌资料中所见讲究卫生爱护环境的习俗

敦煌文献及壁画中珍藏着一批讲究公共卫生、爱护环境的史料,生动地体现了唐宋时期人们对良好卫生习俗追求。这些习俗包括爱护水源、注重水质,营造良好的居住环境,勤洗衣着、梳头刷牙,沐浴健身,修建厕所、禁止随地便溺,禁止随意食用野味和生肉等。揭示、探析这些习俗不仅具有重要的学术价值,而且对于今天培育人们良好的卫生习惯、防止疫病传播、增强人民体质健康、营造美好的城乡环境、促进生态文明建设,亦具有积极的史鉴意义。     

晚明文艺思潮对绘画的影响─—徐渭、董其昌比较研究

本文以徐渭和董其昌作为个例分析，讨论了晚明文艺思潮对当时绘画风格、形式变化的影响。     

中国出境旅游安全事故时空分布格局及形成机制

以原国家旅游局“旅行社责任保险统保示范项目”中的11115条出境旅游出险案例为研究对象，运用数理统计和空间计量方法，对中国出境旅游安全事故时空分布格局及形成机制进行分析。研究表明：①出境旅游安全事故总体区域分布呈现出异质性和高度凝聚的分布态势。②各类型旅游安全事故具有集中性、差异性的频次分布特征和空间集聚特征。③各大洲旅游安全事故呈现出逐年扩张的发展态势，事故高发核心区聚集性不断增强，不同区域的旅游安全事故呈现出差异化的年际变化特征，各州事故季节波动也存在异质性，但均出现下降趋势。④旅游安全事故时空分布格局形成受客源地主体因素和目的地客体因素的共同影响，不同探测因子的影响力度呈现差异化特征。