国保单位公布背景与演变

每一批国保单位受当时的社会背景、文物保护理念等的影响,都有其鲜明的特点和时代烙印,都在不断地借鉴和融入新的文物保护理念。本文对第一至六批国保单位公布的历史背景进行回顾与综述,以期探讨国保单位的发展脉络,以及国保单位在社会历史影响下所形成的特点。     

1981～2010年间的国际历史地理学研究——基于国际期刊《历史地理学杂志》的统计分析

《历史地理学杂志》是一份具有高学术质量的历史地理学国际学术期刊。通过对《历史地理学杂志》1981～2010年间所发表的论文、书评等的统计分析,结果表明,过去30年间,在研究内容方面,历史地理研究涉及5大领域18个方面,历史人文地理研究始终是热点领域,历史自然地理研究始终是薄弱环节,历史文化地理研究越来越热;在作者来源方面,历史地理作者来自全球36个国家,欧美化现象十分突出,英国、美国、加拿大籍作者占90%以上,与此同时,多元化特征趋弱,作者国籍从1981～1990年间的35个国家减少到2001～2010年间的19个国家;在研究区域方面,热点区域是欧美发达国家,对英国、美国、法国、加拿大4国的研究最多,欧洲、非洲、太平洋地区、加勒比海地区、大西洋等地区也受到较多关注。     

Reading Federico Chabod's Storia dell'idea d'Europa half a century later

Federico Chabod was one of Italy's most respected historians in a period that ran from the late 1920s down to the 1950s, and hence was an important intellectual protagonist in the intellectual culture of both Fascist and post-Second World War Italy. In this article Stuart Woolf re-examines Chabod's intellectual itinerary in both these periods, and focuses in particular on the course of lectures on the idea of Europe that Chabod gave in 1943-4 and 1958-9 (the latter were published in 1961 as the Storia dell'idea d'Europa). Like Marc Bloch's Etrange défaite, Woolf argues that Chabod's reflections on the idea of Europe and the role of Europe in world history were symptomatic of the response of a minority of committed intellectuals to the disasters of two world wars. The author sets Chabod's arguments in the context of debates on the nature of Europe and its historical role both before and after the Second World War, and offers a critical retrospective evaluation of Chabod's conclusions.     

Boundaries, Borders, and Reference Points: The Caribbean Defined as Geographic Region and Social Reality

Terms used to describe a region often reflect and directly influence the way space, identity, and history are conceived or constructed. The Caribbean is one such place where external definitions frequently transcend simple geography and socio-political boundaries. The region can be understood by both temporal and cultural categories. The case is made in this paper that archaeological interpretations of social history are impacted by how one conceives of the region.     

《美国历史评论》:第一份科学的美国历史杂志

《美国历史评论》是美国主流的核心历史刊物,更是“第一份科学的美国历史杂志”。它是19世纪末西方史学职业化的产物,也是美国史学科学化、职业化的标志。100多年来,它坚持严肃的专业态度,坚持和发展了自己的栏目内容和形式,主旨是为了繁荣和发展美国的历史学术。它最初不是美国历史协会的机关刊物和出版物,但由于业务发展的需要,《评论》最终成为美国历史协会的“旗舰”。有人批判《评论》内容方面的保守,但细心考察会发现它是美国史学发展的晴雨表,尤其反映了第二次世界大战前后美国史学发展的趋势和变化。     

林则徐与新疆史地研究

林则徐不但是近代伟大的爱国者和民族英雄 ,也是研究清代新疆史地的杰出代表。本文着重探讨了林则徐在谪戍新疆时期 ,通过日记、信札、诗词、奏折与杂录等形式开展新疆史地研究的情况 ,内容涉及新疆的历史、道里、形胜、古迹、地名、环境、物产、驻防、屯田和新疆人民生活等。其研究能发前人所未发 ,独树一帜 ,体现了林则徐注重文本与实地结合 ,经世致用和深刻思想性、预见性等多方面特点。     

魏显国的通史著述与史学思想——日本藏本《历代史书大全》书后

明代史家魏显国《历代史书大全》一书 ,国内存本残缺严重。而日本内阁文库则存一全本 ,卷首有《凡例》、《目录》和《史书总论》、《史书述略》各一卷 ,以及两篇序文 ,为极其宝贵的史料。从中表现出魏显国勤奋、坚韧的治史精神 ,撰写通史的历史编纂学思想 ,正统论和重纲常、讲劝惩的史学思想 ,以及较为严谨的著史态度     

美国新社会史述评

美国新社会史学是 2 0世纪 60年代出现于美国的新史学潮流 ,它改变了美国学术主流的路线 ,是在美国 60年代的社会动荡的背景下产生并发展起来的 ;美国 60年代思想潮流和思维方式的变化是美国新社会史学产生的思想渊源 ;新的历史观的确立标志着美国新社会史学的最终形成 ;新社会史在它的发展过程中遇到了许多无法解决的问题 ,出现了许多弊病 ,80年代美国史学界针对这一切提出了改进方案 ,重新确立了自己独到的史学理论。     

Human impacts on ancient shellfish: a 10,000 year record from San Miguel Island,California

We use measurements of more than 11,000 marine shells from 41 archaeological components to construct a 10,000 year record of human impacts on ancient mussel and abalone stocks on San Miguel Island, California. General reductions in the mean size of mussel and abalone shells gathered through time are attributed to growing human population and predation pressure. Based on comparison with historically documented changes in shellfish communities caused by the local extinction of sea otters in the 19th century, changes in mean shell size and the abundance of other shellfish species may have been facilitated by Native American predation on sea otters as early as 7500 years ago. Despite having measurable impacts on local ecosystems, Native Americans on San Miguel harvested huge quantities of shellfish throughout the Holocene. Such long-term harvests appear to have been sustained by an early emphasis on fishing at lower trophic levels, by periodically shifting village locations, and by intensifying the use of finfish and sea mammals through time. This pattern of “fishing up the food web” contrasts with many modern fisheries, suggesting that the study of ancient fisheries can help us better manage our own endangered coastal ecosystems.