宁波保国寺大殿北倾原因浅析

宁波保国寺是浙东现存最古老的宋代木结构建筑,自清乾隆时期起,大殿结构发生北倾,后对4号转角檐柱进行修缮并加固至今,通过跟踪测试没有发现新的倾斜趋势。然而,探讨大殿曾经北倾原因以及经修缮后现今大殿的可靠性无疑仍是必要的。古木结构的特点是梁柱的榫卯连接具有半刚性性质。采用有限单元法对大殿结构进行力学分析时,榫卯连接可采用空间二节点虚拟弹簧元进行模拟,单元刚度矩阵中相应的刚度特性系数可由接触有限单元法近似求得。这样,大殿结构可离散为杆、梁、壳、体元和上述虚拟弹簧元等的组合,在屋面荷载、雪荷载和风荷载作用下采用有限元法可求得各节点的位移和相应应力。通过计算表明,不计4号柱时产生的向北位移比考虑该柱参加受力时要大得多,可见北倾原因确系4号柱年久失效而引起。计算结果也表明,现今大殿结构由受力来看是安全的。同时预示了可能出现的最危险部位。保国寺大殿结构的力学分析结果,为物保护工作提供了科学依据。     

基于脱榫状态的古建筑木结构燕尾榫节点试验研究

为对古建筑木构架的安全性评价提供依据,通过对脱榫状态下的燕尾榫进行静力试验研究,分析得到残损状态下的木构架力学性能。按照预加载-加载的试验方案对构架进行试验。通过对试验数据的分析,得出了节点主要破坏形式、脱榫量对构架破坏的影响、极限承载力及极限荷载的取值方法并结合理论分析试验数据。     

Archaeology, History, and Material Culture: Grounding Abstractions and Other Imponderables

United States national programs for historic preservation have a great influence on public memory and commemoration. Decisions about what may be listed in the National Register of Historic Places or designated a National Historic Landmark may commemorate or silence parts of the past. Historians invoke the concept of integrity as a gatekeeper to control access to these lists. Archaeologists have the opportunity to contest some of the imposed silences and make these lists more inclusive of underrepresented groups.     

Surveying Coastal Archaeological Sites Damaged by Hurricane Sandy in Rhode Island,USA

Supported by the U.S. National Park Service's Historic Preservation Fund program, the Rhode Island Historical Preservation and Heritage Commission administered surveys of coastal archaeological sites damaged by 2012's Hurricane Sandy in Rhode Island, USA. This project documented the transformative effects of Hurricane Sandy on coastal archaeological sites, evaluated the eligibility of many of those sites for listing in the National Register of Historic Places, and provided new insights into ancient Native American coastal occupation. Notable project limitations include incomplete property access, bureaucratic delays, and a Tribal collaboration that fell short. Because preserving most of these erosion-prone sites through shoreline stabilization is unlikely, management efforts will consider preemptive archaeological salvage excavations. This case study may prove useful to archaeologists worldwide who are managing coastal sites threatened by rising sea levels and storms of increasing intensity and frequency.     

建筑遗产修缮工程的结构处理技术——明显陵陵寝门的修缮

为研究现代化城市建设进程中建筑遗产的保护,对明显陵陵寝门修缮工程的个案进行分析,并发掘钢结构这种现代建设手段在文物保护与修缮工程中的实际应用途径。修缮方案实施后,证明此方法具有可行性,和兼顾历史真实性与现代结构成功应用的创新性。     

Biomass Spectrometry Identification of the Fibre Material in the Pall Imprint Excavated from Grave M1, Peng‐state Cemetery,Shanxi, China

In order to identify the fibre material of the pall imprint excavated from the Peng‐state cemetery in Shanxi, biomass spectrometry was applied to determine the amino acid sequences of the residual protein extracted from the soil underneath the imprint. The sequences were searched against a standard protein sequence database. A well‐preserved silk pall sample from the Warring States Period was used as a comparative template. The protein extracted is identified as silk fibroin (Bombyx mori). This finding indicates that the extremely degraded pall was made of silk and that the deceased in the Peng‐state cemetery enjoyed high social status. In this way, a novel methodology, which is very promising in uncovering the origin of silk, could be initiated.     

《鄂城六朝墓》读后

时间与空间是解读考古材料的基本概念,在魏晋南北朝考古研究中更有其特殊的内涵,如在墓葬的断代与分期、区域文化因素的分析、遗存属性探讨等方面,时空背景是对材料进行深入研究的基础,也是历史考古学研究方法论的基本内容。新近出版的《鄂城六朝墓》报告不仅充实了魏晋南北朝考古材料,而且对于魏晋南北朝考古研究中的时间与空间两个基本概念,也带来了新认识。     

石质文物保护中的化学清洗技术

本研究综合性评述了石质文物化学清洗技术。对于石质文物的清洗原则、石质文物表面污染物的种类、化学清洗技术与其他特种清洗技术的关系、各种化学清洗方法的主要原理和应用实例、贴敷法清洗操作技术等,结合国际国内文献和与浙江大学合作开展的一些研究工作进行了梳理和阐述。希望能为国内石质文物保护工作者开展相关研究时提供思路和借鉴。     

Archaeomagnetic research in the Andean highlands

Eleven archaeomagnetic samples were collected from several sites near Porco, Bolivia as part of the Proyecto Arqueológico Porco-Potosí. These samples were collected in order to 1) explore the availability of appropriate sample materials in the Bolivian Andes, and 2) assess the feasibility of pursuing reference curve research for this region. In addition, this research explored the archaeomagnetic dating application of reference curves constructed from the global geomagnetic field model gufm1 (Jackson et al., 2000), which covers the period from AD 1590–1990. This model is particularly applicable to our project, since many of the project sites are late prehispanic (pre-AD 1532) and early historic (ca. AD 1532–1825) in age. Of the 11 samples, three appeared to contain an insufficient amount of ferromagnetic minerals to provide reliable results, while eight samples produced acceptable-to-good results. The data from the eight good samples were compared to a reference curve for the period of AD 1600–2000 that was calculated for this project from the global field model, gufm1. The archaeomagnetic dates obtained for two of the samples agreed with archaeological expectations, while those for four other samples marginally or greatly postdated the archaeological age expectations. Two additional samples produced significantly different directions and could not be dated against the reference curve. It is likely that the age discrepancies for four of the samples stem from inaccuracies in the archaeomagnetic data, the archaeological age expectations, the calculated reference curve, or some combination of these factors.     

现代化进程中的古城保护与复兴——苏州古城保护30年调研报告

苏州古城保护30年调研报告试图回答这个历史难题,报告以苏州古城为专题,力求站在改革开放的大背景上,沿着历史的步伐,对30年保护史进行一次全面宏观总结,分析和研究苏州古城保护与复兴何以能实现“双赢”？何以能“苏州经验与世界同享”？其中提出了一系列观点、论点、结论和经验、问题、建议.