浙江越窑青瓷标本信息数据库管理系统的设计与实施

对文物标本进行系统分析归纳是传统工艺研究的必要途径,为实现越窑青瓷标本资料的资源共享,提高实验室工作效率,实现分析数据的科学管理,本研究开发设计了“浙江越窑青瓷标本信息数据库管理系统”.该系统基于B/S结构模式,以浙江省博物馆陶瓷标本中心的各类越窑瓷片标本来源、形态、化学成分、物理性能、显微结构、制作工艺等相关信息数据为基础,采用Wi ndows平台,以Visual Studi0 2010为开发环境,结合ASP.NET 4.0框架以及SQL Server数据库技术而构架.经过系统测试和实际运行证明,此管理系统具有良好的应用界面,交互性强,运行稳定,数据处理方便等优势,对实现古陶瓷研究信息资源共享,全面开展越窑青瓷的科学化研究提供了一个良好的数据平台.     

Rationalizing the Guerilla State: North Korean Factory Management Reform, 1953–61

This article examines the Taean Management System (TMS), a North Korean factory management reform program of 1961. Three factors explain why the TMS emerged at the time it did: first, influence from the Soviet Union and China since 1945 provided the knowledge of factory management; second, decreasing foreign aid since the mid‐1950s urged the North Koreans to search for ways to increase productivity; and third, the rise of an ideology of self‐reliance excluded the option of being integrated into the international economy. The resulting TMS, which arose at this juncture as an amalgam of rationalization and ideology, was the origin of modern management in North Korea.     

Ecomuseums and the Democratisation of Japanese Museology

The idea of the ‘integrated museum’, a more socially inclusive form of cultural institution, was a key outcome from the UNESCO/ICOM ‘Round Table of Santiago’ in 1972. Many of the concepts embodied in this idea became part of ecomuseum philosophy and practice during the 1970s and 1980s, in particular the need to involve local communities and make museums more democratic. The ecomuseum has the potential to be a socially inclusive mechanism and is now a worldwide phenomenon. Many of its tenets (the museum as territory, fragmented sites, in situ conservation and community leadership) are used—in a variety of ways and with varying success—as a mechanism to conserve cultural and heritage resources and to construct and promote local or regional cultural identities. Although the philosophy and practice of ecomuseums has been subject to criticism, they are still being created, mainly in rural areas, as a means of conserving traditional landscapes and ways of life. Japan has embraced the ecomuseum philosophy, and three contrasting ecomuseums (Hirano, Asahi and Miura) are described here, their roles analysed and their democratic nature questioned. It appears that the ecomuseum does have the ability to be a truly democratic method of heritage conservation, but that ultimately much depends on leadership and the identification of the local community as the key stakeholder.     

An Incomplete History of Interpretation from the Big Bang

Interpretation/guiding has been recorded as a profession as far back as 2500 BP. It has left a legacy, sometimes positive, sometimes negative; a legacy of pride in place and the importance of passing on heritage to the local community and the tourist. This paper covers some highlights of the period from the time of Herodotus to the present. There is much more to discover and record; this is a beginning.     

Book Reviews

Friends' schemes, also known as membership schemes, societies and associations share a common purpose, namely that of providing support for a specified host. This paper makes a contribution to heritage management in two areas by drawing together the limited literature on Friends' and membership schemes and presenting the findings of the first sector‐wide study in the UK. A questionnaire was circulated to members of the British Association of Friends of Museums (BAFM) in 2002. It updates past predictions as to the number of memberships held across the sector, reports on trends, and characterises membership schemes by discussing their nature, management, status, purpose and activities.     

Reviews

Wilfrid Blunt & William T. Steam, The Art of BotanicalIllustration, Woodbridge, Suffolk & Wappingers' Falls, New York: Antique Collectors' Club in association with The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 1994. 368 pp., 133 col. and 140 b. & w. illus. ISBN 1-85149-177-5. £29.95.

Priscilla Boniface & Peter J. Fowler, Heritage and Tourismin in ‘The Global Village’, London & New York: Routledge, 1993. xiv + 175pp, 18 b.&w.illus. ISBN 0-415-07237-9 £15.99.

P. Devereux, Secrets of Ancient and Sacred Places: the world'smysterious heritage, London: Blandford, 1992, 192 pp., 169 Illus., ISBN 0-7137-2229-0, £16.99.

J.M. Fladmark, ed., Heritage: conservation, interpretation, enterprise, London: Donhead, 1993, 355 pp., 21 figs., 30 b.& w. illus. ISBN 1-873394-13-6. £35.

Roger Miles & Lauro Zavala (eds.), Towards the Museum ofthe Future. New European Perspectives, London & New York:Routledge, 1994. xiv + 203pp., 28 b. & w. illus. ISBN0-415-09498-4. £27.50.

Naomi Tarrant, The Development of Costume. London & NewYork: Routledge in conjunction with The National Museumof Scotland 1994. xv+176pp., 72 b.& w.illus. ISBN 0 41508018 5 £35.     

Organisational Needs and Priorities of Heritage Areas in the USA

Academics and practitioners alike know relatively little about the core competencies that are transferable from one heritage-area initiative to another. Often those new to the field have had to look to consultants or peers for advice regarding the essential core competencies needed to make their emerging organisations a success.This research surveyed the executive directors of the known universe of 154 heritage areas in the USA for the purposes of identifying the essential core skills they feel are needed to create and sustain a multi-jurisdictional heritage-tourism initiative. In addition, the importance-performance methodology employed in the survey instrument made it possible to assess their critical needs and priorities for training. Results of this study contributed to the design of the Heritage Development Institute, recently created to serve the executive staff of the nation's heritage areas at the College of Charleston on behalf of the Alliance of National Heritage Areas (www.cofc.edu/~heritage).     

Prison Heritage,Public History and Archaeology at Fannie Bay Gaol,Northern Australia

Prisons play an important role in the Australian psyche. As places in which the lawless element of society is incarcerated they possess a resonance that harks back to the stereotyped and mythologised convict foundations of the Australian nation. Many former places of confinement have been transformed into publicly accessible heritage sites and museums, but visitor numbers often do not reflect the widespread public interest in confinement. It is not at all clear how to engage the public with the individual histories of these places. This paper examines this issue by reference to the public display of Fannie Bay Gaol prison museum in Darwin. Changing themes and foci in the display of this site are discussed. The role of the historian and archaeologist is examined in the context of the public presentation of narratives of the Gaol's past.     

Urban Regeneration/Heritage Tourism Endeavours: The Case of Salt,Jordan ‘Local Actors,International Donors,and the State’

The paper explores some of the key developments in maritime heritage in Britain in recent years and reflects upon the changes that have taken place, particularly in the ways in which maritime history has been defined. It examines some of the work of major heritage theorists and the relevance of their ideas for the expansion and ‘reinvention’ of maritime heritage. In particular, it seeks to evaluate the significance of perceived shifts towards a more accessible and nostalgic form of cultural representation. For maritime heritage, it is suggested that this approach may pose difficulties in that it can serve to promote a romanticised and sometimes uncritical perspective of British associations with the sea.     

Cultural heritage management: a possible role for charters and principles in Asia

A number of countries now have charters or principles to underpin approaches to conserving and managing cultural heritage resources. Notably, there is growing interest in their adoption in the Asia‐Pacific region. Paralleling this is the development of university courses in heritage management and tourism in the region. Charters help to define the critical notion of significance which must try to embrace both the tangible and the intangible. Critical to the existence of charters and conventions is the process of establishing and assessing values. In Asia, integrity of heritage places and their continuing authenticity are fundamental concerns, particularly as the notion of heritage embraces traditions, and everyday places. This paper sets out to review current interest in cultural heritage and the various charters we use to assess significance and to offer comment on them with particular reference to heritage management in Asia.