地球物理勘探方法在云冈石窟保护中的应用

地球物理勘探方法是一种有效的地质探测技术,它可依据岩体不同构造、岩石的地球物理性质不同产生的不同物理场来了解岩体地质特征而石窟寺的风化与其所处的岩体的性质有着密切的关系,所以,在石窟保护中应用地球物理勘探方法了解石窟赋存岩体的地质特征具有重要意义。本研究系统介绍了在石窟保护中常用的各种地球物理勘探方法的原理,回顾了电法勘探、探地雷达、地震勘探、井中物探等技术在世界文化遗产云冈石窟保护中的应用情况,同时指出了已有工作中存在的问题。     

基于Remake的三维建模技术在摩崖石刻数字化重建中的应用

由于长期暴露于自然环境中,许多摩崖石刻在日晒雨淋、风沙磨蚀等多种因素作用下不断风化,前景堪忧。因此,当务之急是采取有效的措施保护和保存这类珍贵的文化遗产。数字化三维重建技术能够完整地保存石刻现状,为日后的维护、修复和学术研究提供真实、详尽的科学依据。基于Remake三维建模技术的方法与特点,本工作探讨该技术在摩崖石刻数字化重建中的应用。以广西桂林"桂海碑林"内的石刻为研究对象,运用Remake软件对数字相机获取的数字影像进行处理,对摩崖石刻进行快速精确的逆向建模。同时,将三维扫描仪获取的点云数据与本研究获取的模型数据进行同名点精度检测,分析Remake三维重建的精度。三维模型数据可以作为数字档案进行存档和展示,加强对摩崖石刻类文物的保护措施,具有重要的意义。     

Microstructural Characterization and Mechanical Properties of Iron Reinforcements in Buildings from the Medieval and Modern Periods in France

This article presents an overview of the metallographic structures observed on the iron reinforcements of more than 20 buildings from the medieval and modern period in France, which are representative of the evolution of ironmaking techniques at that time (330 samples). Metallographic examinations show a great diversity of structures, even in the same sample: pure ferritic iron to low pearlitic steel, presence of phosphorus in solid solution (locally up to 0.5%wt), numerous slag inclusions of various sizes, porosities.

Tensile tests were performed on a representative set of samples from 4 buildings (46 samples). The results are in accordance with the metallographic observations: mechanical behaviors are very heterogeneous, even in samples taken on the same artefact. Failure happened at values as low as the yield stress up to 25% of the plastic strain. These reinforcements probably worked in the elastic domain at low stress (<150 Mpa). These mechanical properties are significantly beyond those of modern carbon steels and question the exact role of iron in the stability of monuments.     

Difficult heritage and digital media: ‘selfie culture’ and emotional practices at the Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe

ABSTRACT

This article sheds light on the entanglements of difficult heritage and digital media through an ethnographic analysis of digital photography and social media practices at the Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe in Berlin. After a discussion of the project ‘Yolocaust’, through which an artist publicly shamed the ‘selfie culture’ at the memorial, the article argues that the sweeping condemnation of digital self-representations in the context of Holocaust remembrance remains simplistic. Instead, many visitors explore and enact potential emotional relationships to the pasts that sites of difficult heritage represent through digital self-representations. This observation raises critical questions about the role of digital media in current transformations of touristic memory cultures.     

Negative heritage: the material-cultural politics of the American haunted history tour

ABSTRACT

This article assesses the defining features and cultural significance of the haunted history tour as it has come to be practiced in American urban spaces. A distinctive cultural form that has risen to prominence in the U.S., Canada, the U.K., and other places, haunted history taps into public fascinations with “dark” history and ghosts, but does so to engage unresolved and troubling elements of local history and memory. Practitioners engage creatively with problematic histories that otherwise might be forgotten or suppressed, attending especially to their material-folkloric traces. Drawing on participatory and analytical research in several U.S. cities, in particular St. Louis, New York, and Savannah, the article moves from a characterization of the defining modes and interpretative conventions of haunted history, which are drawn from mainstream tourism and others from more-activist public history, to an analysis of its preoccupation with haunting “remainders” of the past, which, I contend, form an unacknowledged narrative and epistemological core of an experimental memory project whose primary quarry is the domain of “negative heritage”.     

The environmental geopolitics of allocation: State power and institutional stability in Eastern Atlantic bluefin tuna management

Geopolitical contests over oceanic space and resources commonly manifest in inter-state resource management bodies. That ocean spaces and resources defy a territorial conception of the nation-state means that the environmental geopolitics that emerge are shaped by the nature of oceans and oceans resources. In this context, allocation is among the most pressing and contentious tasks that inter-state bodies managing transboundary resources face as they carve up and distribute access to valuable, shared resources. This paper examines the allocation of highly migratory, and highly valuable, Eastern Atlantic bluefin tuna to contribute to understanding of state power and institutional stability in transboundary resource management. Drawing on observation of an allocation negotiation and historical allocation patterns, the analysis animates and extends critical property scholarship to develop an environmental geopolitics of allocation. Findings reveal that states form, contest and maintain power by making claims based not only on rights, but also on duties that they perform to the benefit of other states in collective management. Powerful states also make concessions in the allocation process, giving up some historical rights in order to stabilize the multilateral body that enables their dominance in the fishery. Given new and renewed interest in managing shared species, spaces and resources in the oceans and beyond, viewing allocation through the lens of property reveals state power as expressed through a combination of rights and duties between states bound together in management by the materiality of transboundary and mobile natures.     

受控冷冻灭虫法的风险控制

受控冷冻灭虫的关键在受控,受控指标包括冷冻温度、降温速度与冷冻时间,受控的目的是要达到彻底灭虫。冷冻温度与降温速度直接影响到被冷冻物品的形体安全,保障物品安全为前提的受控冷冻灭虫需要管控风险。基于文献分析、相关问题的调研与理论研究发现,温度不够低、降温速度不够快以及灭虫时间过短都会造成灭虫不彻底的风险。极端低温与快速降温带来物品的损伤与被冷冻物品的材料性质相关,将在极端低温与热冲击力下必然会损坏的材料排除在冷冻灭虫的许可范围之外,科学地选择冷冻温度与加强冷冻灭虫过程管控,可使受控冷冻灭虫化险为夷,即以保证藏品安全为前提的彻底灭虫。     

Indigenous biocultural rights and the Blue Mountains: Local and international policy challenges

Indigenous knowledges play a critical role in addressing the environmental crisis, and the United Nations system has adopted a suite of international treaties to protect and strengthen Indigenous peoples’ rights, which are often described as biocultural rights. Because World Heritage Areas are nominated and monitored by UNESCO, an initial hypothesis in this study was that such areas would be subject to higher than normal standards in regard to Indigenous people’s biocultural rights. By reference to the Greater Blue Mountains World Heritage Area, Australia, this research examined how the international legislative framework influences conservation practices. We held semi-structured interviews with conservation and Indigenous local experts and compared park management practices in the Area against those used in an Indigenous Protected Area. Findings align with the literature and suggest that Indigenous and scientific knowledge systems can generate new insights for the Area and other sites. Yet, Indigenous knowledges are only marginally applied in practice. Some barriers to full participation of Indigenous people are specific to the colonial history of the area. Yet, findings point to a lack of action by Australian governments and UNESCO, and that needs to be redressed. The study calls attention to the need to support and resource Indigenous people to enable collaborative partnerships to yield significant benefits for biodiversity and protection of Country.