The Netherlands in the constellation of the eighteenth-century Western revolutions

In the constellation of the eighteenth-century revolutions, the French events have always occupied a dominant position. Consequently the other European upheavals have been considered as being provoked or strongly influenced by France. Yet, the Dutch revolutions in the 1780s and 1790s provide some important nuances to this interpretation. Before the French took over the Bastille, there was already a Dutch revolution with devoted Patriots, speaking about rights of man and constitutions. The Patriots had to flee abroad in 1787. In 1795, thanks to the French Army, they were able to return to their drawing boards, eager to think anew their government and society. This paper investigates how they did it and whether the American and French precedents were so influential after all in the construction of the Batavian Republic.     

Colonial intellectuals at the end of Empire: Manning Clark's Australia and Guy Butler's South Africa

Abstract

Colonial masters considered it their right to take human remains collected from colonies or plundered as a result of war. The skulls of Chief Mkwawa and the sub-chief Songea were looted in the same manner from Tanganyika (now Tanzania) to Germany. While Chief Mkwawa’s skull was returned in 1954, the demands for sub-chief Songea’s skull are ongoing, with the Tanzanian community contesting ownership of human remains in European museums. The absence of bones in graves, particularly those of chiefs, have a major impact on the colonised people as graves are associated with communities’ spirituality and wellbeing. This article shows that without a final resting place for the victims of colonialism, mourning is difficult, traumatic and endless. Individuals, communities and nations bestow social, cultural and political significance on human remains, even those curated in museums. The significance of each group is attached to the affective memorialisation of personal bereavement. What happens, then, when the memorialised graves were created at a time when mourning was impossible and the authority to bury or not to bury was in hands of the colonisers? How do the colonial plunder of human body parts and the demands for their return unfold in the contemporary history of Tanzania? These are some of the questions     

Tour to Austria and Yugoslavia 1955

EUROPE

The Third Statistical Account of Scotland. Vol. 6. The County of Dunbarton. Edited by Margaret S. Dilke and A. A. Templeton. 8½×5½. Pp.333. 28 figs. 21 plates and folding map at back, Glasgow: Collins, 1959, 42s.

Ayrshire at the Time of Burns. Edited by John Strawhorn. 8½×5½. Pp.380. Frontispiece. 14 figures and separate set of reproductions of Armstrong's Map of Ayrshire, 1775, 1 : 63,360, in 6 sheets each 21.8×19.9. Kilmarnock: Ayrshire Archaeological and Natural History Society, 1959, 30s.

Géographie Universelle Larousse. Tame premier, L'Europe Peninsulaire. Ouvrage publié sous la direction de Pierre Deffontaines avec la collaboration de Mariel Jean‐Brunhes Delamarre. 11½×8½. Pp.IX+420. 14 colour relief maps. 74 black and white maps. 11 full colour photographs. Numerous diagrams, tables, etc., Paris : Librairie Larousse 1958, 7,570 Fr.

Geological Excursion Guide to the Glasgow District. By D. A. Bassett. 8½×5½. Pp. XV + 104. 5 Plates and 16 Figures. Glasgow: The Geological Society of Glasgow, 1958, 7s 6d.

Scotland before History. An Essay by Stuart Piggot with Illustrations by Keith Henderson. 5½×8½. Pp. VIII + 112. Edinburgh : Thomas Nelson &; Sons, 1958, 15s.

The Port Traffic of the Oslofjord Region. By Tore Ouren. Publications of the Norwegian School of Economics and Business Administration. Geographical Series, No. 6. 10½×7½. Pp.168. 53 figures. Bergen: J. W. Eides, Forlag, 1958.

Yugoslavia, Geographical Survey. By B. Z. Milojevic, translated by M. V. Isailovic. 9½×6½. Pp.114. 8 Plates. 21 maps. 10 drawings and diagrams. One folded, coloured end‐paper map. Beograd : Committee for Cultural Relations with Foreign Countries, 1959.

The Island of Elba. A Report of Geographical Field Work carried out during April, 1958, by The Geographical Field Group. 9½× 8. Pp.IV + 113. 30 maps, and diagrams. Department of Geoography, Nottingham University, Duplicated, 1958.

Groundwork Geographies, The British Isles. By N. Jackson &; P. Penn. 8½×5½. Pp.VII+230. Numerous maps and diagrams and photographs. London: George Philip &; Son Ltd., 1959, 8s 6d.

Groundwork Geographies, Europe. By N. Jackson &; P. Penn. 8V2X5V2. Pp.VI+200. Numerous maps and diagrams and photographs. London : George Philip &; Son Ltd. 1959, 8s 6d.

Groundwork Geographies, The Southern Continents. By N. Jackson &; P. Penn. 8½×5½. Pp.VII+226. Numerous maps and diagrams and photographs. London : George Philip &; Son Ltd, 1959, 8s 6d.

AFRICA

A geography of Ghana. By E. A. Boetang. 6½×8½. Pp.XVI+205. 46 figs. 41 plates. Cambridge University Press : London, 1959, 21s.

AMERICA

Industrial Evolution of Columbus, Ohio. By Henry L. Hunker. 6×9. Pp.XXV+260. 24 tables. 14 maps and diagrams. Bureau of Business Research: Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, U.S.A., 1958, $4.00

NEW ZEALAND

The Exploration of New Zealand. By W. G. McClymont. 8½×5½. Pp.VIII+125. 6 plates. 3 maps. 2nd edition. London : Oxford University Press, 1959, 21s.

GENERAL

Rivers and Man. By Robert Brittain. Pp.288, 5½×8. 2 maps. 2 drawings. 13 plates. London : Longmans, Green &; Co, Ltd., 1959, 21s.

The Challenge of Landscape, The development and practice of Keyline. By P. A. Yeomans, 9½×7½. Pp.271. 21 figs, and 32 Plates. Sydney : Keyline Publishing Pty Ltd, 1958.

World Political Patterns. By L. M. Alexander. 9X6. Pp.XII+516. 101 maps and 17 tables. Chicago : Rand McNally &; Co, 1957, 55s.

MAPS AND ATLASES

Atlas Général, Larousse. 20×29 cms (7×11). 431 maps and insets. 183 plans. 250 statistical tables. 30 historical notes, index of 55,000 names. 456 pages. Paris : Librairie Larousse, 1959.

Ordnance Survey Quarter Inch (Fifth Series) Special Sheet — Wales and the Marches. 1 : 250,000. S8i/sX32V?. Ordnance Survey, Chessington, 1959. Paper flat 3s 6d. Paper folded 6s. Mounted and folded 8s 6d. Outline edition 3s 6d.     

历史博物馆展览的景观化建构:构成、思维与途径

历史博物馆展览作为被观看的客体,以历史遗存为基础、以叙事为核心、以沉浸式体验为吸引观众达成展览目标的途径。历史博物馆展览中的景观意味着由文物展品与多种媒介物构成的具有一定叙事与意义表达的空间图示,并具有“器-象-道”三个层面。景观化可以广义地理解为将零散的元素组织成为具有意义指向的整体。“象”作为蕴含着“器”与“道”的感知整体,是营造体验、让观众形成第一印象的关键所在,因而景观化建构应以“象”为先,根据各自的基础条件运用不同的建构途径--利用天然的历史景观、重构历史场景、景观化的文物组合,从而有助于历史博物馆打造更具吸引力与更具传播效能的展览。     

PUBLIC‐PRIVATE SUPPORT OF THE ARTS AND GERMAN CULTURAL POLICY

This paper provides a historical context for thinking about Germany’s recent embrace of sponsorship and private donations as a means of supporting education and the arts. The paper notes that the chief architect of a new national cultural policy, Michael Naumann, has justified a turn to public‐private collaborative arts funding with the argument that a market‐driven model of private responsibility for the arts stimulates greater citizen involvement in civic life and thus greater democracy. Yet Naumann has not reconciled this argument with Germany’s own history, in particular the fact that Germany’s Golden Age of private support of the arts coincided with the authoritarian German Empire (1871–1918). My analysis of this historical constellation, presented as a case study of one of Germany’s most important museum directors, Wilhelm Bode (1845–1929), argues that private support of the arts formed part of a larger strategy designed to wrest control of arts institutions away from traditional elites. My essay seeks to show that the rise of more responsive public forums was intended to make the fruits of German imperialism and economic domination available to more Germans, particularly middle class Germans. On this basis, the essay suggests two things. First, German imperialist society was less hierarchical and more broadly participatory than is often assumed, complicating its ability to figure as a negative foil today. Second, the harnessing of market forces to German culture was expected to deepen popular appreciation for chauvinistic conceptions of German nationalism that today seem to conflict with what German democracy might ideally be. With these points in mind, I contend not that sponsorship and private donations are incapable of promoting greater public involvement in the arts. Rather, the private sector might yield more democratic outcomes when publicly funded democratic institutions retain a strong voice in the direction of culture.     

The role of museums of contemporary art in the re‐telling of historical accounts in Lithuania and Latvia

Museums of History and Art provide accounts of the past and the transition of nations into their current situation. They follow a certain line of interpretation of past events which reflect the dominant belief system in a nation. These narratives told in this process leave room for interpretation. Which particular string of the available narratives is followed while neglecting the others, and is influenced by the current self‐understanding of a nation and its political considerations. Latvia and Lithuania, two Baltic Nations, were planning to set up museums of contemporary art in 2009 and in 2011, respectively. Due to the financial crisis at this time, however, both projects have been put on hold. Based on interviews with key personnel and experts, the paper shows how the museums in both countries interpret their Soviet past and align it with the new European master narratives.     

Museums and the ‘Death of Experience’: singularity,interiority and the outside

This paper discusses a number of well-known critiques of the museum that seek to identify it as a problematic space for experience. The key argument put forward is that we can find within that analysis a critical geography around the museum that help us to understand the work that it does in relation to experience. Three spatial motifs are drawn from this analysis and discussed: the singular, the interior and the outside. The paper argues that museums since the nineteenth century have established a topos for experience based on a mimetic realism around the experience of both culture and history through the first two of these spatial expressions. Through them museums produces a fabulation of culture and history that supplements for the lack of topos for experience found within modern society as a whole. The latter spatiality – that of the outside – is found in the form of the absent–presence of the event in relation to the archiving principle of the museum, thereby continually unsettling the first two expressions and calling them into question. This dynamic reveals the museum as a space to critically think about what it does with experience and the importance of spatial analysis for that.     

博物馆文物的防震保护研究（一）——传统抗震措施与现代隔震技术

通过对博物馆内物浮放物体的地震危害性分析,指出了物防震的一些主要问题。归纳总结了馆藏物的传统抗震措施。阐述了现代隔震技术的发展、研究现状以及隔震装置在物防震工作中的应用情况。同时给出了博物馆物防震保护的设计方案。     

Cross-cultural interaction on Wuvulu Island,Papua New Guinea: the perspective from use-wear and residue analyses of turtle bone artifacts

Recent studies have emphasized the importance of Indigenous producers and traders in the formation of ethnographic museum collections, but have found difficulty in finding concrete evidence for their active roles. A use-wear and residue study of turtle bone cleavers from Wuvulu Island, Papua New Guinea provides the opportunity to test whether objects that comprise a significant component of early collections were made specifically for sale, as hypothesized by contemporary observers in the late 19th century. Comparative studies of used and unused turtle bone artifacts from the Caroline Islands and Papua New Guinea identified differences between wear traces resulting from manufacture and use. Analyses of the Wuvulu turtle bone cleavers showed they had been heavily used prior to sale. Rather than produce artifacts to meet the high demand from German traders, the local people sold old, worn-out objects, many of which had been repaired. The study demonstrates that archaeological approaches to ethnographic museum collections can trace Indigenous agency within cross-cultural interaction. It also showcases the potential of use-wear and residue analytical techniques for the analysis of bone tools and the utility of digital, hand-held microscopes for the analysis of large artifacts.     

‘My voice counts because I’m handsome.’ Democratising the museum: the power of museum participation

Abstract

Participation – where visitors are invited to leave a comment, co-create, or contribute to exhibitions – has been hailed as an opportunity to democratise the museum experience. New qualitative data from on-site and follow up interviews with museum visitors and practitioners at the experimental exhibition Power of 1 at the Museum of Australian Democracy has been used as a case study to determine if the rhetoric of the highly interactive, audience-centred approach of the participatory museum is meeting its aims. This paper argues that participation has the potential to democratise the museum experience for visitors, particularly when a more expansive definition is applied which acknowledges the benefits of participation beyond simply leaving a comment. Participation can provoke conversations and forge connections with real and imagined communities within the museum and beyond; however this potential is hampered by the often unacknowledged undemocratic practices within institutions by professionals who devalue visitor participation and power-sharing in order to uphold traditional museum practices.