农业生态区的数值划分——以桂西南为例

农业生态区划是土地承载力研究的重要内容,生态区划的数值分类,可避免传统方法主观性和任意性的弱点,桂西南山区16县(市)在系统聚类分析基础上划分为三个农业生态区:左江及右江下游河谷区,右江上游河谷区和靖西山原区。     

民族地区博物馆藏品征集的思路

少数民族地区博物馆在征集藏品时必须探索一条适合本地区博物馆建设和可持续发展的思路,简单归纳为坚持三种意识,即从客观实际出发,注重征集反映本地区民族民俗的文物;古今兼顾,为未来而征集;收集非物质文化遗产,让它在博物馆得到保护和传承。有了明确的新思路,大胆尝试新模式,善于积累新经验,基层博物馆征集工作才能迈上新台阶。     

历史矿区土地利用重建研究:以近代云南个旧锡矿为例

历史土地利用重建是LUCC研究的重要基础工作之一,在区域土地等资源开发及利用和环境变迁等研究中有着重要研究价值。受历史资料和数据属性局限,学界对历史上矿采用地状况及其反映的地理特征研究,量化手段和精确性不足,复原历史矿区土地利用更为少见。本文依据近世矿业档案、地理资源调查等资料,以近现代云南经济史上颇具影响的个旧锡矿为例,复原矿厂、厂尖及户数等的空间布局,重建其土地利用过程,并进一步探讨矿区人地作用相互关系的演变状况。     

北京都市区就业空间分异与职住空间错位行业识别

城市就业空间分异与职住空间错位是反映城市空间结构特征且存在密切联系的两项重要议题。分析了北京都市区就业空间分异特征，识别了对职住空间错位影响显著的行业。结果表明：①从城市中心向外延伸，分布产业高度具有显著的梯度性和圈层结构特征；②就业行业空间分布可分为四种类型：中心城区集中就业的高端商业和生产性服务业，中心城区为主近郊区集聚就业的文化科技型服务业，近郊就业为主的传统服务业和生活服务业，远郊就业为主的保障性服务业和生产制造业；③批发和零售业，信息传输、软件和信息技术服务业，金融业，居民服务、修理和其他服务业及教育业等五大行业对北京都市区职住空间错位影响显著。     

清至民国山东东部玉米、番薯的分布——兼论新进作物与原作物的竞争

本文提出了玉米、番薯集中产区和一般产区的数量标准,探讨了清代至民国时期山东东部地区玉米、番薯的分布特征,阐明了玉米、番薯以竞争的方式取得优势地位的过程,以及南方和北方的玉米、番薯不同的发展模式。研究表明,与南方的玉米、番薯发展模式不同,在北方,两种美洲作物以竞争的方式排挤了原有作物,并导致作物结构由多样性渐趋向于简单化。     

New insights about the construction and use of shell mounds from the geochemical analysis of mollusks: an example from the greater San Francisco Bay

A new method developed by Schweikhardt et al. (2011) for the geochemical analysis of bay mussels is applicable (when combined with radiocarbon assessments) for examining the seasonal construction patterns and growth cycles of coastal mound sites over time. Ideally suited for the analysis of mollusk fragments in museum collections, this method allows archaeologists to evaluate divergent models about the functions of mound sites, as well as the mobility practices and social organizations of the mound builders. In this case study, the method is employed to examine two adjacent mounds (Ellis Landing, Brooks Island) in the San Francisco Bay Area, California to assess whether their occupants may have participated in a broader multi-site community dating to the Late Period (1100–250 BP).     

Upsetting the Establishment

The Guanlong Bloc has been widely believed to have enjoyed significant advantages in the dynasties founded between the Western Wei and the Tang. Based on an analysis of the sociopolitical framework and geo-strategic factor before the Taiyuan Uprising, this article aims to explain how in order to strike a severe blow against the Sui. Li Yuan, a core member of the Guanlong Bloc, made use of forces alienated by, or simply unrelated to, the establishment. In addition to showing their considerable resentment against the establishment, a substantial number of meritorious officials collaborating with Li Yuan during the Sui were not directly affiliated with the Guanlong Bloc in terms of family and regional backgrounds; some of them were from humble origin or even desperados not tolerated by the establishment. Amongst the desperados, some were originally members of the Guanlong Bloc but committed crimes while the others were local bandits and chivalrous swordsmen. During his time governing Taiyuan and leading the troop to march towards Chang’an, Li Yuan had managed to recruit local bandits and chivalrous swordsmen. During the medieval era, aristocratic elites played a dominant role in shaping both politics and society; class differentiation was considered a major feature characterized by aristocratic preference. This prevailing mindset, however, did not seem to place any restrictions on Li Yuan in his efforts to recruit locals from humble origin. This practice was instrumental in drawing local supports, thus tremendously strengthening his military force to overthrow the establishment. The method adopted by Li Yuan highlights the point that despite his deep connection with the Guanlong Bloc, he adopted a policy of drawing on local human resources rather than relying on the military strength of the Guanlong region in the process of establishing his own authority. Another major point of discussion is the weakening of the Guanlong Bloc during the Sui. Yang Jian and his sons had counted heavily on those who were not the Guanlong Bloc members; some members of the Bloc had even become the target of purges during the reign of Yang Guang. In this sense, the strategy of using forces outside the establishment to overthrow it was not Li Yuan’s creation; instead, Li simply followed what Yang Jian and his sons had been doing in their endeavors to overthrow the existing order. The above historical facts are sufficient to cast doubt on the advantageous position that the Guanlong Bloc was supposed to be enjoying during medieval China. As a whole, similar to all other military and political blocs in history, the Guanlong Bloc passed through the stages of both establishment and transformation before stepping out of the historical arena.     

实践中的转变：抗日根据地减租减息运动中的减息政策研究

在抗日根据地的减租减息运动中,减息政策的变化受多种因素的影响,但借贷利率的限制无疑是其中最重要的因素。由于规定的利率过低,造成农村金融借贷停滞,给农民的生产和生活造成很大困难,放开对借贷利率的限制成为唯一的选择。减息政策经历了从严格的利率限制到完全放开的转变,这是在实践中根据实际情况作出的政策改变,但从实际效果来看,放开对借贷利率的限制并没有起到预期的恢复农村借贷的效果,借贷困难的局面一直持续下去。     

民国时期江南地区疫灾地理研究

疫灾自古以来就是人类健康和生命安全的巨大威胁。本文通过编制疫灾序列,采用历史文献分析、数理统计分析和GIS空间分析等方法,对民国时期江南地区的疫灾时空变迁进行研究,结果发现: 一、 民国时期江南地区无年不疫,疫灾季发率高达94.70%,秋、夏、春三季疫灾多发,集中了全年近九成的疫灾县数,秋、夏季尤甚,集中了全年四分之三的疫灾县数;逐年的疫灾广度总体呈上升趋势,但波动特征明显;在明初至民国末年的582年间,江南地区疫灾的波动周期越来越短,年均发生疫灾的县数越来越多,说明随着时间的推移,疫灾越来越频繁,民国时期是江南地区历史上疫灾最频繁最严重的时期。二、 民国时期江南地区的疫灾主要分布于大运河、宁沪杭铁路沿线及其以东的地区,苏州—无锡一带和环上海地区为疫灾热点区,江苏溧阳地区和浙西山丘地区为疫灾冷点区;疫灾分布重心始终位于苏州境内。三、 民国时期江南地区疫灾分布的一般规律是: 交通沿线城市都是疫灾高发点,人口稠密区多为疫灾频发区,水旱灾害严重区也是疫灾严重区,平原地区的疫灾多于山丘地区的疫灾。     

三峡地区砖(石)室墓建筑研究

在三峡地区墓葬建筑中,砖(石)室墓是最重要的建筑形制,它开始流行于两汉时期,所蕴含的文化信息相当丰富,是古代厚葬风俗的一种重要表现形式,对研究中国古代风俗史和建筑史提供了大量有价值的材料。