日伪“中华民国维新政府”始末

日本侵华期间,在华中地区扶持建立了傀儡政权———伪“中华民国维新政府”,旨在加紧对中国进行政治、军事、经济侵略。     

上海金融业与太平洋战争爆发前上海的外汇市场

抗战爆发后．国民政府调整中的外汇政策和措施仍得以在上海执行。政府银行运用自有外汇、英美政府资金和相关银行先后介入．维持上海汇市。大部分外商银行是官方牌价外汇的争购者和暗市的主角,其市场行为在中美英政府联手推行外汇管理后有所约束。普通华商行庄未能在维持外汇市场方面发挥主动性作用,但以银钱业同业公会为代表的L海金融业仍奉西迂内地的国民政府为惟一合法的中央政府,国民政府的有关监管政策和措施大体上仍能令行禁止,这成为太平洋战争爆发前外汇市场得以维持的重要因素。日伪金融势力则始终是维持上海外汇市场的破坏力量。     

1945—1949年南京国民政府审计制度述评

抗战胜利后,国民政府重新设置或调整了审计机构,制定并修正了一些审计法规,并以就地审计、抽查审计和巡回审计为工作中心,推行审计制度改革,对恢复和重建战后国民经济发挥了一定作用。但受内战的影响,这种改革与战后国民经济一直在一种不正常的状态下进行,因此南京国民政府审计工作无法有根本性改观,难免最终遭致失败的厄运。     

晚明治统与道统框架下的通史编纂--以郑郊《史统》为中心的考察

福建籍遗民史家郑郊前半生在明朝、后半生在清朝。初成于崇祯末年、终定于康熙初期的《史统》是一部以阐明中国历史之统为主旨的通史著作。《史统》提供了一种哲理化的中国历史解释模式,洵可称为晚明理学化史学代表作。惜因未刊,近代以来、所知甚鲜。     

‘The Cow is Still the Most Important Figure in Indian Politics!’: Religion,Imperial Culture and the Shaping of Indian Political Reform in the 1930s

This essay assesses the impact of imperial culture, particularly constructions of India and hinduism, on British responses to the Indian nationalist movement in the 1930s. The essay draws on personal and governmental papers, paying special attention to the language and vocabulary employed by British policy makers concerned with Indian affairs. The major issue addressed here is the British presumption that the 1935 Government of India Act, a plan for a federated India with British central control, would defuse nationalist agitation. Such a sanguine view of this proposal seemed misplaced, given the popular success of the nationalists, especially Gandhi, and given the explicit demands of Indians for full self‐government. However, such an optimistic assessment drew on presumptions about Indian political and social behaviour, and especially on conceptions of hinduism. Policy makers in Britain and India argued along well‐established lines, that hinduism inculcated moral and physical weakness, among other deficiencies, and that a British offer of compromise would attract many Indians who feared continuing confrontation with the Raj. Moreover, colonial advisors relied on a belief that social and caste divisions within hinduism would recur within the nationalist ranks as well. This sense that Indians would respond to half‐measures of reform persisted until the 1937 provincial elections. Though British administrators predicted only a moderate showing by the Indian National Congress, the polling proved otherwise, as Congress took power in the majority of the provinces. The Raj lasted another decade, but the confident cultural assumptions sustaining it took a fatal blow.     

Foreign Policy Reviews and Canada's Trade Policy: 1968–2009

Governments, upon assuming office, most often seek to refocus foreign policy according to the preferences of the new prime minister and the primary means of accomplishing this has been to release a white paper outlining the priorities of the new government. This article will demonstrate that discussions of trade issues reinforce existing studies questioning the innovation and impact of white papers. The purpose of this analysis, however, is not to dwell on the utility of white papers and foreign policy reviews but instead search for a deeper understanding of why trade policy is discussed in an unoriginal and superficial manner. The focus of the article is on the period from 1968 to the present.     

从阿拉善旗专员到军事专员:南京国民政府介入蒙旗地方政治的尝试

为防止日本侵略势力的渗透,南京国民政府创设了阿拉善旗专员制度。因专员在派驻过程中,遭遇层层阻碍,最终被迫改置为军事专员,权责缩减。专员制度作为南京国民政府介入阿拉善旗地方政治的首次尝试,其尴尬境地也反映了在缺乏稳定环境与足够控制力的条件下,边疆政治整合所面临的困境。军事专员虽远未实现其设置的预期目的,但客观上有利于加强中央与阿拉善旗地方联系,从而有效地维护了边疆主权与统一。     

南京国民政府国庆纪念中的辛亥记忆

国庆纪念是传承辛亥革命记忆的重要形式。南京国民政府时期,国民党通过国庆纪念仪式,不断打造并唤起人们的辛亥记忆;并通过自己所掌握的话语权与纪念宣传,完成对辛亥革命史事及意义的再建构。借助于辛亥记忆,国民党不断把自己的建国理念贯穿于国庆纪念之中,为国民党统治的合法性确立基础。     

清代府州县学学额及专设学额的运作:基于长三角地区的研究

本文在考订清代各州县学取额等级的基本原则基础上,运用统计,结合案例,分析了长三角地区各州县学学额定等、分割及增减与文风高下、钱粮丁口多寡之间的数量关系,结果表明,因各地经济文化发展水平的差异,确定学额等级时所依据的具体数量标准会因府而异;同时进一步指出,文风、钱粮丁口在上述各类操作的具体运用中侧重点不一样:定等、增设、分割学额时,钱粮丁口占据比较重要的位置,而各地在学额确定后,增减学额则主要是看文风高下,即应试童生数量的多寡。清代学额的这种运作方式可以说在一定程度上保证学额与地区之间的协调发展。     

从国民革命军的布告看贺龙北伐

1927年4月19日,武汉国民政府为消灭奉系军阀张作霖在长江以北地区的反动统治,举行第二次北伐.贺龙作为国民革命军独立第十五师的师长,奉命率部北上.他沿途张贴布告,揭露奉系军阀的罪恶,宣传北伐的意义,保证了北伐的顺利进行,并在北伐中取得了骄人的战绩.