The astrolabe: Its uses and derivatives

Despite the technical means available for its diffusion, the information explosion is such that a diminishing proportion of geographical literature achieves the circulation that it deserves. The problem is illustrated by reference to a single country — Finland. In the case of such a country, even assuming familiarity with its languages, access to significant publication often proves impossible save on its home ground. Examples of three types of geographical literature are reviewed — 1) literature from the past which merits wider acquaintance because of its enduring value; 2) literature from the present which, on the score of methodology or theory independently of content, deserves attention, but which — not appearing in internationally familiar outlets — is unlikely to gain recognition; 3) similar literature directly relevant to the geography of Finland in the publications of cognate disciplines. The rate of change in the geographical scene and the volume of publication generated make it increasingly difficult for the would‐be specialist in even a relatively narrow field to keep up‐to‐date and to speed the circulation of information.     

林则徐与新疆史地研究

林则徐不但是近代伟大的爱国者和民族英雄 ,也是研究清代新疆史地的杰出代表。本文着重探讨了林则徐在谪戍新疆时期 ,通过日记、信札、诗词、奏折与杂录等形式开展新疆史地研究的情况 ,内容涉及新疆的历史、道里、形胜、古迹、地名、环境、物产、驻防、屯田和新疆人民生活等。其研究能发前人所未发 ,独树一帜 ,体现了林则徐注重文本与实地结合 ,经世致用和深刻思想性、预见性等多方面特点。     

湘西南农村中小学体育教师的现状调查与分析

湘西南地区农村中小学的体育教师严重缺乏,体育教师的工作任务重,教师专业结构也不合理。     

托忒学--清朝有关边疆民族的专门教育机构

本文主要从两个方面对清朝理藩院(部)培养译才的成安宫三学之一托忒学进行了研究,考察了“托忒学”产生的时代背景、设置经过及其建制。认为这一专门机构是在清朝军机处的呼吁下于乾隆四十六年设置的,这与卫拉特蒙古的强盛及托忒文在中亚诸民族中作为一种外交文字的使用有着密切关系。     

军国民教育会与同盟会的成立

在1903年的拒俄运动中,中国知识分子由爱国而革命,在运动中所形成的军国民教育会,是我国知识界革命团体的先行.它的运动员回国组织发动了一次武装起义,同时创导暗杀朝廷官员,对社会造成巨大震动.1905年在东京,主动与孙中山合作,组织中国同盟会,是我国近代革命的里程碑.     

The Location and Concentration of Businesses in Britain: Business Clusters, Business Services, Market Coverage and Local Economic Development

An important debate has recently developed around the significance of business clusters for the development of the economy. This paper assesses the extent to which concentrated clusters of businesses exist in Britain, using the fine spatial mesh of postcode districts. It identifies the major clusters using a development of the methodology to define local labour market areas. The paper demonstrates the high degree of localization and uneven development of businesses in Britain. It also shows that business service firms are even more highly localized and clustered than other businesses. Moreover, the larger the business centre, the more localized and clustered the firms. The pattern suggests that there is a strong influence of increasing returns of scale, and that, as well as local clusters, much of the British economy is covered by one metacluster. Implications from these results are drawn for the likely future development of the economy, the location of business service suppliers in order to develop their market coverage, and local economic development policy.     

张之洞与晚清学部

190 7年至 190 9年张之洞以军机大臣管理学部 ,直接负责清末兴学国策的制定与实行。在他的主持下 ,学部于积极推动普通和实业教育的同时 ,提倡保存国粹 ,继续奖励学堂出身 ,办事方针出现从锐进而缓行、由创新而复古的变化。透过各种错综复杂的关系 ,可见湖北与直隶的门户立异和人脉渊源 ,对中央教育行政的决策乃至近代教育发展的进程与样态影响至为深远。     

清末民初中日两国的朝鲜族教育政策之一侧面--以"间岛"垦民教育会的教育活动为中心

存在于1910-1914年的朝鲜族自治组织——“间岛”垦民教育会（垦教会）,在延边地区获得了沟通中国官府与朝鲜族的中介地位,并取得了参与设立官立朝鲜族学校、自己设立学校以及管理私立学校之权限。于是,垦教会在扩大朝鲜族教育机会的基础上,实施爱国（朝鲜）教育,进而促进中国的朝鲜民族同一性的形成。然而,清末民初,正是中国民族国家开始铸造之时,民族主义需要的国家权力必须是没有竞争的权力。在此情况下,垦教会与延吉府之间的冲突随之而起,垦教会被解散。本文考察了垦教会如何对应中国的朝鲜族教育政策的同时,解明了该会如何利用中日两国的矛盾,对朝鲜族实施民族教育问题。     

Training ESD change agents through geography: designing the curriculum of a master’s program with emphasis on Education for Sustainable Development (ESD)

To achieve a deep and wide implementation of Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) into all forms of education, the capacity of educators and trainers needs to be increased. This paper describes the curricular architecture of a master’s program in Geography with an emphasis on ESD. Based on a first feedback given by graduates, the paper discusses both strengths and weaknesses of the program.     

Education and intimate war of position: The National Security League's Committee on Patriotism through Education, 1917–1919

The National Security League was an elite private lobbying group in the World War I preparedness movement in the United States. Its educational wing was a group consisting mostly of college professors called the Committee on Patriotism through Education, which sought to use education to promote a militaristic brand of patriotism. This paper adds to our knowledge of the geopolitics of the period by critically reviewing the Committee's propaganda efforts, as organized into its Patriotism through Education Series. More importantly, this paper theorizes this propaganda by engaging with two literatures that seldom cross paths: emerging interest in intimacy-geopolitics and Gramsci's concept of war of position. Intimacy-geopolitics is used to highlight the performative edge of war propaganda, as it directs desire and affect to toward geopolitical visions which accord with elite visions of the good life. Intimacy-geopolitics as an analytical framework helps connect affect and war in a way that avoids scalar hierarchies of violence. The Committee deliberately sought to direct emotion toward militaristic ends, and saw teachers as foot soldiers in that effort. Understanding how war propaganda works through affect, that is, how it positions country as an object of affection, also qualifies and dovetails with an understanding of war propaganda as elemental to the Gramscian war of position. Quite apart from accusations of war-profiteering, elite manipulation of desire and affect toward the war effort also worked to obfuscate class interest in favor of gender and other social roles.