沙学浚区域研究的特点与方法

沙学浚在政治地理、军事地理、历史地理等领域所取得的研究成果,多基于他对不同时空、不同尺度、不同类型区域的准确把握与深入认识.通过对沙氏不同时期论著中关于区域划分、认知、分析等方面思想方法的梳理与总结,可以发现,重视海洋的区域研究视角、空间价值与地位价值相结合的区域研究方法,以及宏观时空视野与动态发展观相结合的区域研究理...     

基于GWR模型的长江中游城市群传统村落空间格局及可达性探究

以长江中游城市群170个传统村落为研究对象,利用核密度法探讨城市群传统村落的空间分布特征,使用谷歌地图全球搜索引擎与相关公式测算各传统村落的可达性。运用地理空间计量方法GWR回归模型重点剖析影响城市群传统村落可达性水平重要因子的具体影响程度并考量其空间异化效应。研究表明：①长江中游城市群传统村落存在三个高度集聚区,呈\"品\"形分布,其中有两大集聚区处于环鄱阳湖城市群内部。②传统村落可达性整体水平不高,时间成本较大,所在地区路网密度低,交通便利性不高,并受明显的支流效应影响,水系、山体和交通将一定程度上影响村落的可进入性水平。③地势高低与路网等级对传统村落可达性水平具有正向作用,邻水体距离对传统村落可达性水平呈负相关关系,而坡度值对可达性影响不显著。     

The concept of disasters in Geography Education

In the context of current discussions on natural hazards, natural risks and (human) disasters around the world, the aspect of disaster risk reduction (DRR) is gaining more and more importance. The present contribution elucidates the didactical consequences this development has on competence-oriented Geography teacher training at universities/colleges as well as in Geography Education research.     

The University of South Africa (Unisa) 1918–1948: the first transition,from colonial to segregationist institution

This article traces the first of what would become several significant transitions in the evolution of the University of South Africa (Unisa); that from University of the Cape of Good Hope (UCGH), an institution with a distinct English tradition loosely based on the ‘liberal’ constitution of the Cape Colony, to a more segregationist Afrikaner-dominated university by 1946. This was largely shaped by national politics, in particular the rise of Afrikaner nationalism, in the 1920s and 30s. Not only did Unisa become captive to Afrikaner forces, it also was strongly infiltrated by the Broederbond, which had as one of its objectives the holding of key positions in higher education in South Africa. In addition, issues of race now became a growing ‘problem’ as Unisa sought to fulfil its mandate to provide higher education for ‘non-Europeans’ in an era of segregation. However, it would be a distortion to portray this transition fom a simple binary perspective. There was ambivalence about the ‘liberalism’ of the UCGH that reflected the pressures for a new racial order at the Cape. Similarly, the extent of Broederbond influence at Unisa (and over national politics) should not be over-emphasised. Somewhat paradoxically, Unisa continued to accommodate nodes of liberal thinking within the institution, and in the 1960s resisted state attempts to be drawn into a scheme to construct an Afrikaans-only university in Johannesburg. Nevertheless, the essential conservatism and political acquiescence of the university to apartheid meant that the requirement to transform Unisa in the democratic era was all the more painful and complex.     

从创造到普及:吴晗先生的学术贡献

在新史学思想主导下,吴晗致力于一种社会的、民众的新明史研究,重新选择传统政治史的问题和研究路径,开创了以明史为中心、元明清一线贯通的研究模式。吴晗最具创造性的研究主要体现在明代政治、军事、社会史方面。他不仅在这些方面开拓出对于明史研究的展开有着重要意义的新课题,而且对这些新课题进行了具有深度的研究,得到了后来学者的广泛认同。20世纪50年代,吴晗由学者变为社会教育家,全身心投入到历史普及,形成了一套关于历史通俗化和历史普及的理论和方法,成为普及历史知识的积极倡导者,为史学和社会结合树立了良好的典范。     

An approach to mapping buried prehistoric palaeosols of the Atlantic seaboard in Northwest Europe using GPR, geoarchaeology and GIS and the implications for heritage management

Widespread layers of well-preserved organically and archaeologically rich palaeosols dating to the Bronze Age and Iron Age are known from across the Atlantic seaboard of Scotland, including the Western Isles, Orkney and Shetland. The survival of these soils has been facilitated by an overburden of Aeolian sand forming dunes above them. Whilst these soils display archaeological importance, they are constantly under threat from erosion through storm damage due to their exposed coastal position. This presents certain challenges with regard to heritage management, since their extents are largely unknown, normally only being identified when exposed by wind and storm erosion. Consequently, following such damage mitigation can only be reactionary in response to archaeological deposits being uncovered, and left open to threat, Without accurately mapping the extent of these important deposits, archaeological landscape management is compromised.This paper presents a case study aimed at enabling proactive management of these deposits through rapid three-dimensional mapping undertaken using a combination of borehole-calibrated GPR survey and GIS modelling. The results demonstrate how effective baseline data can be generated to highlight areas of greater or lesser risk thereby providing the potential for quantifying and predicting the effects of damage from future storm events.     

Popular geographies and scholarly geographies in provincial France: the Société Normande de Géographie, 1879–1937

Geographical societies were established in many provincial cities of France during the final quarter of the nineteenth century. Through lectures and publications, these organizations promoted popular geographies at a time when academic geography was in its infancy. The Geographical Society of Normandy was founded at Rouen in 1879 and survived for six decades. Unlike some of its counterparts, it did not provide commercial information after its early years nor did it receive funding from the local chamber of commerce. Its annual Bulletins presented aspects of popular geography at the time and elucidated views held by explorers, colonial administrators and other contributors. Tales of expeditions to distant lands were reported enthusiastically, but assessments of opportunities for European settlement were not always optimistic. European affairs rose to prominence in the life of the Society in the years surrounding World War I. Its popular geographies conveyed in public lectures continued to enjoy success but contacts with academic geographers were intermittent. Largely forgotten geographical societies, such as that in Normandy, played a significant role in raising knowledge of the world before geography became firmly established as a university discipline.     

新疆草原文化区域系统研究

新疆草原文化是古代新疆草原游牧民族创造的一种游牧文化,其活动区域主要分布在天山及其以北的地区。本文试图从新疆草原文化形成的过程入手,探讨新疆草原文化系统的内涵、基本特征、草原文化的形成与地理环境的关系。