成都蒲江飞虎村出土错金银带钩保护修复

成都文物考古研究院于2016年在蒲江飞虎村发掘了60座战国晚期墓葬,共出土青铜器181件(套)。其中M39出土了一件表面锈蚀覆盖严重的错金银青铜带钩,但其上错金银纹饰无法分辨,为还原其历史、艺术与研究价值,需对其表面锈蚀物进行清除。 采用X射线成像系统、体视显微镜、金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜-能谱系统、X射线衍射仪等对带钩的保存状况、材质、锈蚀产物进行了分析。结果表明带钩上分布有精美的金银装饰纹饰,且金和银交替使用;带钩基体保存较差,锈蚀程度较重;部分区域金银丝已脱落。表面锈蚀覆盖严重,部分区域存在裂隙。带钩基体为铅锡青铜铸造组织,铜含量为73.0%,锡含量为11.4%,铅含量为13.7%;镶嵌的金、银丝样品呈倒三角形,均为热锻而成,金丝金含量为88.8%、银含量为11.2%;银丝银含量为95.8%,铜含量为2.4%。带钩锈蚀物大致分为两层,最外层绿色的锈蚀物为孔雀石,内层红色锈蚀物为赤铜矿。 在科学认知带钩保存状况、材质、锈蚀产物等的基础上,针对性地采用化学加固—机械法与化学法结合除锈—化学加固—缓蚀封护—粘接补配的技术路线对带钩进行了保护修复。对于细小裂隙选用渗透性很好、颜色轻微变化的Paraloid B72乙酸乙酯溶液,使用注射器少量多次滴渗加固;较大裂隙使用粘接强度好、渗透性适当的Hxtal NYL-1(海克斯塔)双组份环氧树脂,用小的针尖少量多次点渗入裂隙加固。对于外层绿色锈蚀物,先采用乙二胺四乙酸二钠水溶液软化,再配合使用机械法刮除去除;内层暗红色的氧化亚铜锈蚀先使用半胱氨酸水溶液软化,再配合机械法刮除。同时在锈蚀物去除过程中对出现松动的金银丝及时使用Araldite 2020型双组份环氧树脂进行加固。除锈结束后使用超纯水深度清洗清除试剂残留。使用苯并三氮唑乙醇溶液进行缓蚀处理,Paraloid B72乙酸乙酯溶液进行封护处理。带钩的粘接补配先使用Paraloid B72乙酸乙酯溶液预加固茬口,DG-4环氧树脂配合玻璃纤维布和销钉粘接补配。 本工作在利用现代仪器分析方法充分认识文物信息的基础上,根据文物实际情况,各种保护修复方法配合使用,对每种方法存在的弊端制定和采取相应的补救措施,最终在达到保护修复目的、恢复文物历史、艺术与研究价值的同时,最大限度地减少对文物造成的损伤。     

文物建筑保护工程中的勘察设计——以北大红楼等三个文物建筑为例

文物建筑勘察的目的是掌握现状文物的真实状态和危险程度,进而为制定科学合理的保护方案提供重要依据和支撑。为此,探讨了文物建筑保护工程勘察设计的特点和内涵,结合实际案例,归纳总结了文物建筑勘察设计四个基本特点:在强调文物真实性的同时,要求勘察内容的完备性和详实性;强调病害机理分析与病害成因的数值仿真验证;关注文物本体的抗震性能研究;强调以最小的干预获取最真实的情况。阐述论证了建立文物防灾减灾体系的必要性和重要性,点明了文物建筑勘察设计未来的发展方向必然和防患于未然的防灾减灾体系相联系,作为该体系下的技术支撑而长期发展。     

大足石刻千手观音造像三维展示系统设计与实现

为了更好地发挥采集的千手观音造像海量数据在保护工程及后续研究中的作用,需要进一步对这些数据进行有效的管理、查询及展示。本研究基于Open GL设计并实现了大足石刻千手观音造像的文物三维展示系统。该系统通过多分辨率模型构建、三维模型数据简化及轨迹球旋转等关键技术的应用,实现了主要针对文物保护修复过程中所需的三维数据、工程图件、虚拟修复模型及相关资料等多源海量数据的显示浏览、交互量测及检索查询等功能。该系统不仅满足了文物保护修复工程的需求,而且为研究人员及游客详细了解文物现状提供了可能,具有较好的应用价值。     

关于保护多样性文化的思考

人类文化本来就是由多样性的文化所组成,文化的多样性是人类社会的基本特征,也是人类文明发展进步的动力。失去了文化的多样性就意味着失去了人类文化的特色,失去了人类文化“多样共存”的和谐关系。保护多样性文化最重要的价值,是它向我们传承着我们民族根脉延续而存活到今天的意义。     

清代《王制》研究及其成篇年代考

《礼记·王制》的作者和成篇年代,自汉以来,说法不一。清末,廖平、康有为等人认为,《王制》是“孔子改制之作”,故《王制》备受晚清学者重视。分析诸家观点和《王制》的内容,并将《王制》与《孟子》、《荀子》等文献进行比较,《王制》经文部分盖写成于战国中期,与郭店楚简的写作年代大致相当。刘向以前,经文部分和后面解释性文字已经抄写在一起,成为我们目前看到的样子。     

论陈传康教授的地理学研究

陈传康教授是一个"全能型"的地理学家,无论从何种意义上来说,都是值得认真研究的。本文对陈传康地理学研究道路、特点和方法进行了多角度的解剖和梳理,勾勒出陈传康学术研究的总体特征,即为"专门性综合研究的开拓者",从而为中青年地理工作者提供学习借鉴的治学经验有"干"字型结构法、案例研究法、"三步"调查法、"双向"因果法、定性定量法、政策研究法。     

正统性、地方化与文化的创制——潮州民间神信仰的象征与历史意义

从秦朝开始,潮州地区就与整个岭南地区一起,归属中原王朝的政治“版图”。但是,王朝教化与地域社会之间的契合,却经历了长期复杂的互动过程。在这一过程中,宋元之际和明末清初的变化尤其具有重要的意义。三山国王和双忠公是在潮州乡村庙宇中最经常见到的两个神祗。这两个神明信仰的形成及其象征意义的转换,与潮州地区数百年来王朝教化与地域社会复杂互动的契合过程有着密切的关系。     

徐州狮子山汉墓墓主考略

从墓葬形制、随葬器物及建筑耗时几方面考察,狮子山汉墓墓主为西汉第二代楚王刘郢(客)。若此,对于探讨西汉横穴崖洞墓的起源及形制演变具有重要意义。     

King Stephen,the English church,and a female mystic: Christina of Markyate's Vita as a neglected source for the council of Winchester (August 1139) and its aftermath

One of the central reasons for the disintegration of royal authority (sometimes called ‘the Anarchy’) during the reign of King Stephen of England is generally thought to have been his troubled relationship with the English church. The king was summoned to appear before the legate in England, Henry of Blois, bishop of Winchester (who was also Stephen's brother), at a church council called for Winchester on 29 August 1139, in order to show cause for his conduct in arresting several prominent bishops and in confiscating their property. Several major chroniclers discuss the events leading up to and occurring at the council of Winchester, especially William of Malmesbury in his Historia novella and the anonymous Gesta Stephani. The versions of events contained in these sources are not entirely consistent. The present paper examines yet another recounting of the events of the council, seldom appreciated by historians of twelfth-century England, presented in the Vita of Christina of Markyate (c.1096/98–c.1155/66), composed by an anonymous monk of St Albans between 1140 and 1146. Christina was close to the abbot of St Albans, Geoffrey de Gorham, who was probably the patron of the Vita and who quite likely attended the Winchester council and apparently became involved in its aftermath. These events are recorded in some detail in the Vita, presenting us with a vivid recounting of the council and the immediate consequences thereof. The narrative of the Vita contains a somewhat different picture of the personalities and occurrences surrounding the Winchester council than we encounter in the chronicles. The current essay compares the Vita to the standard accounts. We argue that the Vita may be the earliest and possibly most reliable source for the events of the council. Moreover, if we privilege the report of the Vita, the council becomes an especially significant moment in the breakdown of relations between Stephen and the English church.     

Republicans,Unionists and Jacobites: The 1st Marquess of Tweeddale and the Restoration of the British Parliament

Although John Hay, 1st marquess of Tweeddale, contributed significantly to both the ruthless overthrow of Charles I, and the establishment of the first British parliament in the 1650s, most of his political career was concerned with attempting to re-establish this parliament after it was dissolved at the restoration of Charles II. His first attempt ended in defeat at the hands of the king and the duke of Lauderdale in 1670, but following the overthrow of James VII and II in 1688, Tweeddale tried to persuade the prince of Orange to unite Scotland and England. The prince, however, showed much more interest in securing the crown of Scotland than uniting the two kingdoms. Tweeddale, as lord high commissioner to the Scottish parliament in 1695, responded by passing legislation designed to provoke the English parliament into accepting union. He was also engaged in a jacobite intrigue to restore King James. Tweeddale intended that the restored monarch would be little more than a puppet, who could be used to legitimise what was effectively a republican regime in all but name. By this means the restored parliament would avoid the unpopularity which brought down the first British parliament in 1660. Tweeddale's scheme came to nought, but the technique he employed to manipulate the English parliament, and exploit the jacobite threat, contributed to the restoration of the British parliament ten years after his death.