论中国古代的饕餮与人牲

饕餮纹是人牲祭典的象征,饕餮纹的兴衰,同人牲的产生与衰亡这一深刻的社会背景紧密相联。     

秭归县望家湾遗址发掘简报

秭归望家湾遗址是长江三峡大坝附近一处受洪水破坏严重的古代遗址。堆积中第5、6层属商周时期的淤积层,不见文化遗迹。在淤积层和河漫滩上出土或暴露许多石器、商周陶片和少量新石器时代陶片。石器种类有斧、锛、凿、铲、小锛、锤、犁形器、刮削器、圆形刃和半圆形刃石器、盘状器、砺石等。商周陶片可辨器形有罐、喇叭形器、瓮、盆、豆、盘、杯、缸、纺轮等。在盆、盘、罐等器皿中出现一些新器形。商周陶器的基本特征属早期巴文化。望家湾遗址的发掘为早期巴文化的研究增添了一批新资料。     

商周管邑地望考略

本文结合考古资料、古文字和传世文献,考证西周和春秋时期的管已在郑州西北郊一带,商代晚期的管邑也应在郑州西北郊一带,郑州战国城是战国管邑,而郑州商城是早商时期的管邑。郑州商城是商汤灭夏以后建立的都城,称管亳,可以简称亳。     

慕陵拟建方城明楼史实探赜

道光帝的慕陵是清代最特殊的帝陵,先前曾因东陵宝华峪地宫浸水而废弃,后又于西陵龙泉峪重建,规制并“概从撙节”,自出机杼。本文探究道光帝对传统帝陵规制大加裁削的原由,指出咸丰帝即位后曾拟建慕陵明楼方城,并详加规划,最终却在各种因素掣肘下偃旗息鼓。     

鲁北地区发现龙山文化古城与古史传说中的夷夏交争

鲁北地区发现四座龙山文化古城址,根据地层关系及出土遗物,推定这四座龙山城址是分属两个不同历史时期的文化堆积。根据陶鬲炊器最早出现在中原地区,之后曾沿黄河故道向东传播,故提出山东地区发现陶鬲,乃由河南豫西地区传播而来,论定鲁北西部三座龙山文化城址晚期。乃由豫西徙入鲁北地带的“鬲族”所占有。通过有关史料分析,肯定鲁北发现四座龙山文化城址中淄、(氵弥)河以西三座城址晚期易主,与古史传说中的夷夏交争吏实有关,或曾为随夏王室东渐鲁北一带斟姓诸部所占有。     

邹衡先生与夏商文化分界

二里岗文化属早商文化系统、漳河类型属先商文化系统、二里头文化属夏文化系统、夏文化与商文化属两个文化系统的研究成果,是邹衡先生在20世纪70年代末就已建立的夏商考古学研究体系。《偃师商城与夏商文化分界》与邹衡先生的学术研究成果有借鉴关系。     

偃师商城小城的建筑年代与性质

偃师商城小城建筑年代为南关外期偏晚,这一年代非早商而属先商晚期即夏末。该城是商汤灭夏之时兴建的军事营垒,非早商都城。     

The Production of Thin‐Walled Jointless Gold Beads from the Maykop Culture Megalithic Tomb of the Early Bronze Age at Tsarskaya in the North Caucasus: Results of Analytical and Experimental Research

This study, the first of this kind, reconstructs the technical chaîne operatoire of thin‐walled jointless gold bead production in the Maykop culture on the basis of trace‐wear analysis, experimental research and comparative analysis, using gold beads from the Early Bronze Age dolmen (c. 3200–2900 bc ) in kurgan 2 at Tsarskaya (discovered in 1898). The results of the study demonstrate that such beads were produced from a perforated disc‐shaped blank by pressure (with intermittent annealing) within a hemispherical depression in a shaping block (presumably made from stone or bone) and subsequent abrasive treatment of the surface. Most probably, this technique was a regional expression of Near Eastern jewellery traditions that emerged within the urbanized centres of Upper Mesopotamia in the early fourth millennium bc and spread out, through the Caucasus, into the southern boundaries of the Eurasian steppe.     

The Internet of Landlords: Digital Platforms and New Mechanisms of Rentier Capitalism

Digital platforms are a nearly ubiquitous form of intermediary and infrastructure in society. By positioning platforms in the geographical political economy/ecology literature, this paper provides a critical analysis of platforms as a dominant form of rentier in contemporary capitalism. In doing so, I extend this work on rent theory beyond applications to land and nature so that it also includes platforms and data. I argue that the rapid rise of the “X-as-a-service” business model across nearly all sectors of the economy is creating rentier relations by another name. This model is premised on the platform latching onto and inserting itself into the production, circulation, or consumption process, thus creating opportunities to capture value. To better understand the operations and implications of platforms, I outline three key mechanisms: data extraction, digital enclosure, and capital convergence.     

The Use of Animal Bone as Fuel in the Third Millennium BC Walled Enclosure of Castanheiro do Vento (Northern Portugal)

Experiments on fire manipulation of bones as fuel demonstrated that animal bones are effective in the act of maintaining lasting combustion. These experiments are almost always applied to the studies in hunter–gather societies in prehistory, even though the use of bones as fuel is also known in historical times. Based on data and models resulting from these recent experiments, both in laboratory and in real hearths, I tested the hypothesis of the use of animal bone as fuel in the third/second millennium BC walled enclosure of Castanheiro do Vento, in northern Portugal. The faunal assemblage shows some specific characteristics such as a very low percentage of identifiable material and close to 90% of charred bones with a very high index of fragmentation I link the faunal analysis with the results of some experiments recently published. These experiments show the particularities of bone fuel combustion, specifically used in certain activities. Nevertheless, the interpretation of these activities in Castanheiro do Vento is difficult to achieve because of the preliminary state of the investigations. As an additional problem, the available interpretations in the literature concern mostly hunter–gather, and models do not take into account the complex societies of the third/second millennium BC. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.