士人改官的双重困局——以南宋曾丰为例

士人命运是唐宋变革的重要着眼点,对中下层士人的研究更有助于深化这一议题。南宋士人曾丰,从入仕到改官,一直陷于人情与法度的双重困局,干谒求荐屡次碰壁,受荐磨勘变数频生,历程长达20年。曾丰个人之遭际,既是宋代广大中下层士人改官中命运的缩影,也反映出在改官制度的两重面向之下,宋朝"任人"与"任法"调和的失败。从历史角度分析,改官制度正是唐宋变革不成熟、不完全的产物。     

《困学纪闻》元刻本考述

《困学纪闻》是宋末元初学者王应麟撰写的札记考证之文,在我国古文献学史上占有重要地位。此书在元代有两种刻本,一种是有明确时间记载的、序跋完备的元泰定二年刻本,一种是没有明确时间记载的、序跋不完备的刻本。清代藏书家多怀疑他们手中的元泰定二年刻本为明刻本,而无序跋本才是真正的元泰定刻本。但是通过考察、分析中日藏书家的藏书志,《困学纪闻》在元代确有前述两种刻本,二者在内容上是一致的,只是刊刻时间、版本形式不同,真正的元泰定刻本现藏日本,国内所藏元本只有无序跋本,而所谓的“元泰定本”其实是明翻刻本。     

《明史·礼志》史实考误

张廷玉《(明史·礼志》是迄今影响最大的专门记载明代礼制的史志文献,但其中也存在诸多史实讹误,这大大影响了其可信度和史料价值.经据《明实录》、《明会典》、《皇明典礼志》、《昭代典则》、《太常续考》、《辛L部志稿》等文献考证,可知该《志》中华书局1974年点校本第47-53卷仍然存在史实讹误21处.其致误之直接原因,大致有脱漏、衍文、字形相近而误等情形;但根本原因还是缘于编纂、刻印和传抄者的疏忽与粗心.     

美国学界关于中国共产党城市接管史研究述评

新中国城市接管是城市管理与城市建设的一个特殊阶段,其时间虽然较短,但影响深远。中国共产党对新解放城市的接管是中华人民共和国大厦的奠基石,也是中国共产党建政成功与否的关键。因此,研究中共城市接管是洞察中国共产党政权建构与施政理念的重要切入点。美国学界持续关注中共城市接管史,研究内容涉及城市接管的过程、接管干部(含南下干部)以及城市接管之后的社会改造和城市变迁等。随着研究视角的转换,美国学界的关注点亦有所不同。近些年来美国学界相关的研究议题越来越细化,关注点从宏大的政治叙事转向社会结构和城市生活变迁,而研究方法也呈现多样化的趋势。     

The care of women's health and beauty: an experience shared by medieval Jewish and Christian women

In this article I intend to elucidate the extent to which medieval western Jewish and Christian women shared customs, knowledge and practices regarding health care, a sphere which has been historically considered as part of women's daily domestic tasks. My study aims to identify female agency in medical care, as well as women's interaction across religious lines, by analysing elusive sources, such as medical literature on women's health care, and by collating the information they provide with data obtained from other textual and visual records. By searching specific evidence of the dialogues that must have occurred between Christian and Jewish women in transmitting their knowledge and experiences, I put forward the idea (developed from earlier work by Montserrat Cabré i Pairet) that medical texts with no clear attribution can be used as sources to reconstruct women's authoritative knowledge.     

Walter the Chancellor on Ilghazi and Tughtakin: a prisoner’s perspective

This article concerns two leading Turkish rulers, active in the Near East during the crusading era: Tughtakin of Damascus and Ilghazi of Mardin. They were important commanders, but the surviving sources create difficulties when outlining the contours of characters and cultural perspectives. Muslim authors typically present them as idealised Islamic rulers and yet it is difficult to accept such stereotyped portraits. This article sheds new light on these men, seeking to understand how far they had transitioned from the steppe culture of their forefathers into a more distinctively Islamic mould. It focuses in particular on the Antiochene chronicle written by Walter the Chancellor. He witnessed both rulers at first hand when he was their prisoner in Aleppo in 1119, an experience which left him deeply scarred. This is tainted evidence, yet it will be shown that many of Walter’s observations also provide invaluable insights that deserve to be taken seriously.     

合作化时期西南地区初级农业生产合作社收益分配探析

初级农业生产合作社的收益分配是全面体现合作社性质和优越性的重要标志。合作化时期,西南地区根据中央有关初级社收益分配的指示精神和多民族地区的实际,坚持少取多分、按劳取酬和民族团结的原则,正确地处理社与社员之间的关系,努力提高劳动分配在初级社收益分配中的比例,推动互助合作运动的进一步发展。土地和劳动分配比例确立过程及其变动趋势决定着初级社生产发展的规模和方向,对于深入认识合作化的进程具有相当重要的意义。     

试论外国军舰驻华特权制度的形成与发展——以顾盛使华为中心

鸦片战争后签订的一系列不平等条约对军舰驻华特权制度给予了明确的规定。《虎门条约》是外国侵略者＂合法＂获取军舰驻华特权的开始。美、法等国通过《望厦条约》、《黄埔条约》使这一特权制度日趋完善。在攫取军舰驻泊权的过程中,美国人顾盛使外国军舰驻华特权条款扩展到几乎可以被人任意解释的地步,为日后列强军舰任意游弋中国内水埋下了祸根。通过第一批不平等条约,西方有约国家获得了军舰驻泊特权。第二次鸦片战争中,列强在这一问题上获得了较大突破,此后该制度逐步走向完善。     

Returning to that which was never lost: Indigenous Australian saltwater identities,a history of land claims and the paradox of return

In this paper I explore the kincentric ecologies that define sea country for Indigenous Australians, in particular the Yanyuwa of Northern Australia. Despite colonial alienation from their coastal territories, Yanyuwa have sustained a four-decade long legal fight for restitution. Using the framework of ‘urgent patience’ as resistance against ‘social death’, this paper tracks the historical legacy of legislative land rights for saltwater peoples.     

陕西高陵杨官寨遗址H85发掘报告

2010年以来,陕西省考古研究院、中美国际田野考古学校在杨官寨遗址环壕东北角联合进行了数次考古发掘,发掘遗迹中包含一座堆积复杂、遗物丰富的庙底沟文化中晚期灰坑(H85)。根据遗迹结构、堆积状况,推测该灰坑应为一处具有居住性质的新石器时代遗存。