A side-scan sonar and high-resolution Chirp sub-bottom profile study of the natural and anthropogenic sedimentary record of Lower Lough Erne,northwestern Ireland

A geophysical survey (side-scan sonar and high-resolution sub-bottom profiling) combined with established chrono- and bio-stratigraphic markers are used to reconstruct the evolutionary history of Lower Lough Erne, northwestern Ireland since the end of the last glacial. Discrete acoustic units define four prominent sedimentation cycles, one Late-glacial and three Holocene, within the seismic stratigraphy. Basin development is predominantly controlled by climate until the Mid Holocene when the effects of cultural activity are related to pronounced signatures in the seismic record. An enhanced reflector marking the termination of the Early Holocene sedimentation cycle is associated with the elm decline and forest clearance during the Neolithic (between approximately 5800 cal. BP and 5300 cal. BP). The associated increase in sediment input, by infilling minor topographic lows and basins, has a smoothing effect on the morphologic expression of the original basin. Onlapping and truncated reflectors in the penultimate acoustic unit define further modification of lake bed relief by removal of sediment from the system during engineered lowering of the lake levels that began in the 1880s. Acoustic anomalies identified on the side-scan sonar data are linked with cultural activity and are identified as having the potential to facilitate the recent establishment and migration of invasive zebra mussels through the Erne system.     

中国优秀旅游城市空间分异及影响机理研究

运用最邻近指数和ESDA方法,对1998、2004、2010年我国优秀旅游城市的时空差异进行分析。研究结果表明:①空间分布上,呈"东密西疏"的分布格局,沿交通干线、内河流域及海岸线分布特征明显;时间演化上,表现由东部沿海逐渐向中部、东北部扩散的时序规律。②空间分布类型呈集聚态势,区域分布均衡度较低。③空间分布存在显著的正相关特征,总体趋势不断减少,低-低集聚不断增强。④重心增长空间格局的发展态势不稳定,热点区和冷点区表现出一定的梯度性。最后,指出人口分布、经济水平、旅游资源和区位条件四个方面是影响我国优秀旅游城市空间分异的重要因素。     

旅游网站信息搜寻对旅游者行为决策影响的评价分析

随着互联网的普及和旅游电子商务的发展,旅游网站信息搜寻行为已成为旅游者行为决策研究的重要内容。本文通过对来张家界市旅游游客的实证调查,研究张家界市旅游者信息搜寻的特征和偏好,并进一步采用因子分析法分析了旅游网站信息搜寻对旅游者行为决策的影响。研究发现:张家界市游客对旅游网站的信息搜寻与年龄、职业、知识层次等因素相关;年轻、学历较高的游客访问率更高,而且对网站的依赖程度更大;网络已经成为游客获取旅游信息最重要的渠道;在网络旅游信息有效传播的方式中,百度,Google,综合性门户网站和专门旅游网站优势明显。     

浅谈我国旅游立法滞后对旅游业的影响

本结合中国旅游立法的现状,从旅游业的三个基本要素(即旅游、旅行社和旅游资源)的角度,分析中国旅游立法的相对滞后给旅游业带来的不利影响,以促使相关立法机关重视旅游立法,进一步健全完善现有的旅游法律法规,制定新的法律。     

"韩流"对韩国旅游形象的影响

本文在广泛调查的基础上,运用多元统计技术分析了"韩流"对韩国旅游形象的影响程度,并探讨了访问意向与实际到访、游后评价以及旅游形象之间的关系等重要问题.     

近代江南地区的河南移民--以苏、浙、皖交界地区为中心

太平天国战后,江南地区的许多地方出现人口的“真空”、“半真空”状态．从而引发了战后大规模的移民浪潮。河南移民的迁移活动从战后初期一直持续到初年．大量河南移民的迁入,对江南地区经济、文化和风俗习尚各个层面都产生重要影响。     

Roman Rhine settlement dynamics evidenced by coin distribution in a fluvial environment (Oedenburg,Upper Rhine,France)

On the basis of archaeological and alluvial records, this paper presents the first spatial analysis of artefacts in relation to the evolution of the Rhine River, at the Gallo-Roman site of Oedenburg, during the first four centuries AD. The dataset consisted of several thousand Roman artefacts found by pedestrian prospecting over the last twenty years, over half of which were coins. This dataset was used together with high-resolution topography and geomagnetic mapping, to reconstruct settlement evolution, both on the terrace and in the floodplain. A comprehensive monetary chart has been compiled for the Oedenburg site, which highlights four major phases of settlement. These results provide a possible causal link connecting historical factors and alluvial events with intra-site evolution. Therefore, while changes observed during Phases I (until AD 68), II (AD 69 to AD 180) and III (AD 180 to AD 295) seem largely related to historical and societal events, Phase IV (AD 295 to AD 402) shows patterns of abandonment of the lower part of the floodplain that may well be related to an unusually humid period in the fourth century. These results are set in a broader context, from the Rhine catchment area to the Alps, and are in agreement with the wet conditions also documented in alluvial, lacustrine, geomorphological and palynological records in Germany (Lahn River, Lake Constance, Lake Nussbaumen, Kaisersthul area and the Black Forest). Studying the intra-site spatial distribution of artefacts with high temporal constraints, at a long-lived site with contrasted topography, opens new avenues for the detection of discreet events such as a higher water table, affecting only the lower zone.     

Heritage and resistance: irregularities,temporalities and cumulative impact

Urban social change and large-scale demolitions in the name of urban renewal often give rise to social conflicts. In this study, we investigate how resistances to this change emerge, coalesce and revolve, and how they use heritage to generate cumulative impact. The analyses of urban change and resistance in Gårda, a working-class neighbourhood of Gothenburg, Sweden, showed social conflicts to be instigated by their stigmatisation. Since the 1970s, Gårda has been called ‘out of place’ and marked for demolition. These demolitions were given legitimacy by the ‘housing quality standards’ that emerged in the 1930s as a means to reduce social inequalities. Over time these standards became an ‘intangible heritage’ employed in neoliberal urban policies. In response, five ‘Re-Gårda’ resistance strategies emerged to contest Gårda’s future. Resistance groups uncovered new values for Gårda, curating the vision with the slogan ‘have a coffee in Gårda’, and structuring the narrative ‘upgrade Gårda’. This challenged the dominant discourse ‘demolish’ or ‘conserve’ Gårda, and resulted in a government decision to protect Gårda as a ‘heritage site’. Investigating heritage and resistance in Gårda helped us reveal the potential of resistance in challenging the limits of authorised urban and heritage discourses, and in realising socially equal and just cities.     

New Mesolithic Hunting Evidence from Bone Injuries at Danish Maglemosian Sites: Lundby Mose and Mullerup (Sjælland)

The recent re‐analysis of the Maglemosian faunal assemblages from Mullerup and Lundby Mose (Sjælland) has led to the discovery of new hunting injuries in the Danish Early Mesolithic. In total, including the two cases already published, two examples come from the Lundby Mose site, and seven from Mullerup, including embedded flint fragments and perforations. Such new data emphasise the need for meticulous re‐analysis of bone assemblages, relying on experimental work on projectile impacts, in order to increase the number of such discoveries. The link with weapons and hunting techniques and the question of the frequency of projectile impacts during the Danish Mesolithic are discussed, as well as their significance in terms of mobility of human groups, particularly in the case of healed wounds. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

China’s new Eurasian ambitions: the environmental risks of the Silk Road Economic Belt

China is moving ahead with the Silk Road Economic Belt, an ambitious infrastructure development agenda with the distinct promise of regional and sub-regional economic development. However, the initiative will create new environmental risks across the entire Eurasian continent, especially in countries with predominately poor records of environmental governance, including the former Soviet republics and Russia. Concurrently, on the domestic front, the Chinese Government has launched a new policy paradigm, “ecological civilization,” to dramatically improve environmental regulations, reduce pollution, and transform industries by adopting new green technologies and higher environmental standards. But does China’s intention to go through a “green shift” domestically resonate with these new transborder infrastructure development mega-projects? This paper will attempt to answer this question by juxtaposing China’s new domestic policy paradigm with environmental standards currently proposed in its global outreach projects focusing on China-northern Eurasia and China-Russia, including trade exchanges in natural resources.