古村落旅游社会文化影响:居民感知、态度与行为的关系——以广西龙脊平安寨为例

以龙脊平安寨为例,从居民感知的视角,通过构建结构方程模型对古村落的旅游社会文化影响进行研究,探讨居民主体因素与旅游社会文化影响感知、社区发展满意度及行为倾向之间的关系。主要结论:(1)居民文化认同感越强,对旅游社会文化影响的正向或负向感知越强。(2)居民的旅游参与程度越高,对旅游社会文化影响的正面感知越强。(3)居民对旅游社会文化影响的正向或负向感知越强烈,对社区发展的肯定或否定评价越强。(4)居民对旅游社会文化影响的正向或负向感知越强烈,其支持或反对旅游开发的行为倾向越明显。研究还对旅游开发中古村落的社会文化传承和发展提出建议。     

大陆居民赴台旅游影响研究——基于台湾居民感知的视角

两岸直航开通促使两岸往来更加密切,开放大陆居民赴台旅游使前往台湾的游客日益增多,这是台湾旅游发展历程中的一个重要里程碑。本文以大陆居民赴台旅游的影响为研究对象,探究台湾居民对大批大陆游客访台所造成影响的感知,以及未来台湾进一步发展旅游的对策和建议。研究旨在探讨台湾居民对台湾开放大陆旅游市场后,台湾旅游发展正面及负面影响的感知,并从居民性别,年龄,旅游正、负面影响相互关系以及对旅游发展的支持度等方面,进行相互关联性的实证研究。     

事件经济影响研究述评——一个评估框架

经济影响一直是事件旅游研究中最受学者广泛关注的话题。虽然事件经济影响不是事件旅游文献中最早被研究的问题,但却是第一个被完整研究的主题。从1977年第一篇公开发表的关于事件经济影响研究的文章到现在,事件经济影响研究已有30多年历史,许多学者介入其中。但由于经济影响的复杂性,至今该项研究仍处于初级阶段,在概念界定、研究内容和方法方面还存在很多问题。本文通过对76篇事件经济影响的历史文献进行梳理,对事件经济影响研究的主要内容、方法和结论做了详细的介绍,以期为事件经济影响提供一个统一的评估框架,为致力于事件经济影响研究的学者提供比较完整的文献资料.     

Fluvial sediments, correlations and palaeoenvironmental reconstruction: The development of robust radiocarbon chronologies

Multiple sequences of radiocarbon dates extracted from organic materials are increasingly being used to provide robust chronologies for landscape development, particularly the timing and correlation of significant climatic and ‘process’ events. Whilst the validity of using such frameworks in sedimentary environments such as lake basins and raised bogs has been the focus of much attention, such debates have not extended to fluvial systems. Using examples from three lowland, vertically accreting river valleys in East Anglia, UK, this paper assesses the robustness of their associated radiocarbon chronologies by assessing the contrasting age estimates that are obtained by dating different parts of the same organic sample (humic, humin and plant macrofossils) at a variety of stratigraphic levels. Overall, the humin and humic acid fraction results were statistically consistent, whilst the plant macrofossil remains were found to be of a slightly younger age. In these examples, it is argued that the younger ages appear to be the result of Phragmites (common reed) roots pushing plant macrossils through the sedimentary sequence or opening up voids for material to fall through, although studies in lacustrine and mire environments suggest alternative explanations may also be possible. Whichever explanation is preferred, this study demonstrates clearly that the complexity of valley floor stratigraphy and processes is such, that using single radiocarbon dates, whether AMS or bulk samples to reconstruct chronologies of ‘geomorphic system response’ may need to be refined and subjected to the same level of assessment that has been applied in other sedimentary systems.     

The demographic impact of irrigation projects: a comparison of two case studies of the Ebro basin,Spain, 1900–2001

Water management and population issues have always been particularly important in Spain, a country historically characterized by severe environmental constraints on agricultural growth and intense rural depopulation. This paper evaluates whether irrigation projects in Spain over the course of the twentieth century have achieved one of their main objectives, which was to reduce rural population decline. This paper makes two contributions. First, we compare the evolution of population in two of the earliest and most ambitious irrigation projects in Spain, the Riegos del Alto Aragón (Upper Aragon Irrigation System) and the Canal de Aragón y Cataluña (Aragon and Catalonia Canal System), both located in the Ebro basin. Second, the time period of the study spans an entire century. This long-term approach is crucial if we accept that irrigation requires time to consolidate its effects and, therefore, its impact on population may be long delayed. We show that the evolution of population in each of the two projects has been substantially different. We also analyze the factors that have caused or prevented population growth. We argue that financial, economic and environmental limitations have been significant, but also that political and geographical factors have played a major role.     

Heritage and resistance: irregularities,temporalities and cumulative impact

Urban social change and large-scale demolitions in the name of urban renewal often give rise to social conflicts. In this study, we investigate how resistances to this change emerge, coalesce and revolve, and how they use heritage to generate cumulative impact. The analyses of urban change and resistance in Gårda, a working-class neighbourhood of Gothenburg, Sweden, showed social conflicts to be instigated by their stigmatisation. Since the 1970s, Gårda has been called ‘out of place’ and marked for demolition. These demolitions were given legitimacy by the ‘housing quality standards’ that emerged in the 1930s as a means to reduce social inequalities. Over time these standards became an ‘intangible heritage’ employed in neoliberal urban policies. In response, five ‘Re-Gårda’ resistance strategies emerged to contest Gårda’s future. Resistance groups uncovered new values for Gårda, curating the vision with the slogan ‘have a coffee in Gårda’, and structuring the narrative ‘upgrade Gårda’. This challenged the dominant discourse ‘demolish’ or ‘conserve’ Gårda, and resulted in a government decision to protect Gårda as a ‘heritage site’. Investigating heritage and resistance in Gårda helped us reveal the potential of resistance in challenging the limits of authorised urban and heritage discourses, and in realising socially equal and just cities.     

The effectiveness of public participation in the environmental impact assessment process – a case study of the projected Sierilä hydropower station at Oikarainen,northern Finland

One of the most difficult challenges in environmental impact assessment (EIA) is the effectiveness of public participation. This article addresses this question by looking at evaluation criteria applied during the EIA process for a northern Finnish hydropower project. The problematics of public participation is discussed in connection with the EIA process and social impact assessment for the projected Sierilä hydropower station in the village of Oikarainen, near Rovaniemi, in northern Finland, during which the local population has been viewed as not being sufficiently competent as the project developer, Kemijoki Ltd. Nevertheless, carrying out an EIA seems to be a starting point in the long‐term process of increasing the effectiveness of public participation and the influence of local communities on hydropower planning processes in Finland.     

The Amundsen expedition to the magnetic pole

AFRICA

Behind God's Back. By N. Farson. Illustrated. Demy 8vo. Pp. 448. London : Victor Gollancz Ltd., 1940. Price 10s. 6d.

EUROPE

The Place‐Names of Nottinghamshire. By J. E. B. Gover, Allen Mawer, and F. M. Stenton. Demy 8vo. Pp. xlii+348. London : Cambridge University Press Ltd., 1940. Price 21s.

Prehistoric England. By Grahame Clarke. Illustrated. Pp. viii+120. London : B. T. Batsford Ltd., 1940. Price 8s. 6d.

Lincolnshire in the 17th and 18th Centuries. By Charles Brears. Demy 8vo. Pp. xv+192. London : A. Brown and Sons Ltd., 1940. Price 7s. 6d.

AMERICA

The American Empire. A Study of the Outlying Territories of the United States. Edited by William H. Hass. Illustrated. Pp. xi+408. University of Chicago Press, 1940. (Published in Great Britain by the Cambridge University Press Ltd.) Price 24s.

I Lived with the Eskimos. By S. Montague. Illustrated. Demy 8vo. Pp. ix+223. London : Jarrolds Ltd., 1940. Price 12s. 6d.

Arctic Pilot. By Walter Gilbert, as told to Kathleen Shackleton. Illustrated. Demy 8vo. Pp. 256. London : T. Nelson and Sons Ltd., 1940. Price 7s. 6d.

ASIA

Old Routes of Western Iran. By Sir Aurel Stein. Illustrated. Imperial 8vo. Pp. xxviii+432. London: Macmillan and Co. Ltd., 1940. Price 42s.

The New Burma. By W. J. Grant. Crown 8vo. Pp. 156. London: George Allen and Unwin Ltd., 1940. Price 7s. 6d.

AUSTRALASIA

Australia. By Griffith Taylor. Demy 8vo. Pp. xv+455. London : Methuen and Co. Ltd., 1940. Price 21s.

GENERAL

The Story of the Pacific. By H. van Loon. Illustrated. Demy 8vo. Pp.315. London : George G. Harrap and Co. Ltd., 1940. Price 8s. 6d.

Coconut Quest. By J. S. Phillips. Illustrated. Demy 8vo. Pp. 254. London : Jarrolds Ltd., 1940. Price 16s.

Ten Great Mountains. By R. L. G. Irvine. Illustrated. Demy 8vo. Pp. xii+213. London : J. M. Dent and Sons Ltd., 1940. Price 12s. 6d.

Helvellyn to Himalaya. By F. S. Chapman. Illustrated. Demy 8vo. Pp. xv+285. London : Chatto and Windus, 1940. Price 18s.

A Long Look Back. By Two Victorians. Illustrated. Demy 8vo. Pp. 256. London : Seeley Service Ltd., 1940. Price 12s. 6d.

I Married Adventure. By Osa Johnson. Illustrated. Demy 8vo. Pp. 376. London: Hutchinson and Co. Ltd., 1940. Price 10s. 6d.

Rolling Home. By Surgeon‐Commander A. G. Bee. Demy 8vo. Pp. xi+495. London: Bale, 1940.

Savoy ! Corsica ! Tunis ! By Bernard Newman. Illustrated. Demy 8vo. Pp. 282. London : Herbert Jenkins Ltd., 1940. Price 10s. 6d.

Courtship and Display among Birds. By C. D. Stonor. Illustrated. Demy 8vo. Pp.xv+139. London: Country Life Ltd., 1940. Price 8s. 6d.

Old Morningside. By Wm. Mair. Illustrated. Pp. 40. Edinburgh : John Menzies and Co. Ltd., 1940. Price 1s.

English Lakeland. By Doreen Wallace. Illustrated. Demy 8vo. Pp. viii+120. London : B. T. Batsford Ltd., 1940. Price 8s. 6d.

Chiltern Country. By H. J. Massingham. Illustrated. Demy 8vo. Pp. viii + 120. London : B. T. Batsford Ltd., 1940. Price 8s. 6d.

Middlesex. By Arthur Mee. Illustrated. Demy 8vo. Pp. ix+232. London: Hodder and Stoughton Ltd., 1940. Price 7s. 6d.

EDUCATIONAL

Map Approach to Modern Problems, tgig‐iggg. By W. E. Coysh and A. W. Brown. Small quarto. Pp. 64. London : University Tutorial Press, 1940. Price 2s. 3d.

Elements of Political Geography. By S. van Valkenburgh. With Maps. Imperial 8vo. Pp. xix+401. London: Pitmans Ltd., 1940. Price 18s.

Economic Geography. By C. Colby and A. Foster. Illustrated. Imperial 8vo. Boston (U.S.A.) : Ginn and Co., 1940. Price 10s. 6d.

Synopsis of the Mineral Resources of Scotland. By M. Macgregor and Others. Special Reports on the Mineral Resources of Great Britain, Vol. xxxiii, 59 pages. One Text Figure. H.M. Stationery Office. Price 1s.

A Map Book of Africa and South America. By A. Ferriday. London: Macmillan and Co. Ltd., 1940. Price 1s. 9d.

Outlines of Structural Geology. By E. S. Hills. Illustrated. Crown 8vo. Pp. x+172. London : Methuen and Co. Ltd., 1940. Price 6s. 6d.

Asia and Australia. By A. Mamour. Illustrated. Demy 8vo. Pp. 348. London: Macmillan and Co. Ltd., 1940.

The World and Ourselves. By E. White. Illustrated. Demy 8vo. Pp. 207. Edinburgh: W. and A. K. Johnston Ltd., 1940. Price 2s. 9d.     

Antarctic history: A reply to professor W. H. Hobbs

On July 25th 1983 a severe thunderstorm brought torrential rain and flooding to a small valley near Newcastleton in Roxburghshire. At one site within the valley, around 65 mm of rainfall was recorded in 75 minutes, though this was probably 2 km from the centre of the storm. The resulting peak flow was estimated at almost 170 m³s^‐1 from a drainage area of 36.9 km². Lightning killed some livestock whilst many more were drowned. The storm triggered peat slides on several hillsides and caused extensive erosion of river banks and damage to buildings and bridges. The associated high sediment load killed fish stocks in the receiving waters. The flood was a significant event in terms of its human disruption and its impact on the natural environment.     

The effects of Class I and II sized bovids on macrofracture formation and tool displacement: Results of a trampling experiment in a southern African Stone Age context

Abstract

In this paper we follow from previous experiments that assessed the formation of macrofractures on hunting weapons and trampled tools, and present the results of a new trampling experiment. This new experiment examined the relationship between small bovid trampling and the formation of macrofracture types on replicated stone and bone tools. We also recorded the resulting displacement of the tools in order to assess the relationship between tool morphology and displacement. Three tool types with dimensions similar to southern African archaeological tools were used. The results suggest that small frequencies of certain impact macrofractures occur on tools subject to trampling forces. These frequencies are, however, lower than those generally recorded during hunting experiments. Tool morphologies and fracture combinations are also shown to be important variables in macrofracture analyses. These results contribute to a growing body of experimental data dealing with the relationship between postdepositional processes and macrofracture formation on artifacts.