哈姆莱特与威登堡大学

在莎士比亚的悲剧《哈姆莱特》中,有一个隐藏在作品背后的重要背景——德国威登堡大学。许多评论者认为,这里是培养哈姆莱特成为人文主义思想家的基地。但联系莎士比亚时代德国威登堡大学所侧重的教育内容,当时这里所进行的宗教改革所取得的重大成果,再重新考察《哈姆莱特》中哈姆莱特的思想内涵和精神实质与路德宗神学的诸多相通之处,就会发现,威登堡大学对哈姆莱特产生的重要作用,正体现在宗教思想方面。     

“跑警报”：西南联合大学战时生活研究之一

抗日战争期间,日军曾数百次对昆明狂轰乱炸,造成了重大的人员和财产损失,给当地民众的战时生活秩序产生了严重的影响。在对昆明的大轰炸中,当时中国的最高学府——西南联合大学也屡次遭袭,造成多名教职工伤亡,大量校舍和图书、仪器损毁。然而,敌人的轰炸并没有从精神上吓倒联大师生,大家积极采取措施防范空袭,在"跑警报"的过程中,人们的心态逐渐乐观起来。     

理论与实践高度融合的城市地理学——南京大学地理学科发展90周年回顾与展望

本文回顾了南京大学城市地理研究发展变迁的历史过程,将其划分为探索研究时期、复苏发展时期、旺盛发展时期和多元化发展时期几个阶段,系统总结了在城市化、城镇体系、城市与区域规划及管治等领域的研究成果。南京大学是国内最早开展城市化理论、城镇体系理论及城市与区域研究的机构,提出了\"三结构一网络\"的城镇体系结构、\"城市-区域\"观等经典理论。改革开放后的30多年来,南京大学城市地理高度融合理论研究与规划实践,取得了长足的发展并夯实了自己的学科发展优势。在未来发展中,应进一步加强对健康城市化、城市网络体系、城市空间重构及宜居城市与智慧城市等内容的研究。     

清华简与《尚书》、《逸周书》的研究

清华大学藏战国竹简中,有《尚书》、《逸周书》和佚书20多篇,其中清华简《金縢》能和伏生所传今文《尚书》直接联系。从清华简来看,现在不能证明,也不能反对孔子编百篇《尚书》之说。但是清华简足以说明东晋以后的古文《尚书》没有历史根据。清华简中,《尹诰》、《尹至》篇有很多的用词和语法同今文《尚书》中的《夏书》和《商书》是一样的。清华简里没有《尚书》和《逸周书》的差别,因此我们对《逸周书》里面若干篇书的估价,还应该提高。     

我与金陵大学

今年是我国名的物考古学、古字学和教育学专家,中山大学教授商承祚先生诞辰一百周年。为纪念商先生对祖国物、博物馆事业做出的重大贡献,经国家物局批准,定于6月12日在北京故宫博物院绘画馆举行“商承祚先生捐献物展”。商先生早年于1933年就教南京国立东南大学,1932年任南京私立金陵大学教授兼中国化研究所专任研究员。为纪念他在南京长期从事研究工作,并对我院物鉴定做了许多有益的工作,现发表其遗作《我与金陵大学》,以兹怀念。     

The failure to formulate a national science policy: Israel's Scientific Council, 1948–1959

This article analyzes the failure to formulate a national science policy in Israel's early years by tracing the administrative genealogy of the Scientific Council (1948–59), which was established to manage and coordinate civil applied scientific research in Israel. The failure of the council is analyzed as part of wider debates concerning the future of the academic and scientific research systems and the implementation of Israeli state ideology (mamlakhtiyut) in this period. The story of the council sheds light on important aspects of the formation of Israeli higher education and scientific research institutions and on the close but complex relations between science and politics in the early years of the state.     

Henry Herbert Donaldson’s (1857–1938) contribution to an organized approach to the experimental study of the mammalian central nervous system

ABSTRACT

This article shows that the academic and research careers of Henry Herbert Donaldson (1857–1938) were directed to provide basic information about the growth of the vertebrate nervous system and to provide standards and the means to make such research efficient. He earned the reputation of making the albino rat a standard laboratory animal. His academic career began when he was an undergraduate at Yale University in 1875 and concluded with his death as Professor and Head of the Department of Neurology at the Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology of the University of Pennsylvania in 1938. During that period, pivotal experiences occurred, including research in physiological chemistry with Chittenden at the Sheffield School at Yale, graduate study at Johns Hopkins University, postgraduate study in Europe, and professorial positions at Clark University and the University of Chicago. It was at Johns Hopkins University that Donaldson learned about the need for physiological, anatomical, and psychophysical research and about the techniques to allow such research. It was at Clark University that he had first-hand and detailed experience with the anatomy of the brain of a deaf-blind-mute woman, as he attempted to correlate her sensory deficits with her brain development. It was at Clark University that he clearly recognized the need for standardization in neurological research. At the University of Chicago, he developed administrative skills and began a coordinated research effort to delimit the growth of the nervous system. It was at Chicago that he learned that the albino rat could be a reasonable subject for such research. It was also at Chicago that he was able to formulate ideas about the future organizational needs of human neuroanatomy. It was at the Wistar Institute that his research program and his professional career matured. He organized a research effort to elucidate the growth of the nervous system. He contributed to the coordination of neurological research in the United States and Europe. It was while at the Wistar Institute that he became well-known for making the albino rat a standard laboratory mammal—a convenient living material for research.