江苏盱眙县泗州城遗址出土大铁锅的现场保护

江苏盱眙县泗州城遗址考古出土的大铁锅迅速发生锈蚀,需要采取现场保护措施。为此,经现场XRF检测并取样后进行铁锅材质金相分析、锈蚀物拉曼光谱(LRS)分析。结果显示,铁锅为灰铸铁铸成,锈蚀物主要成分为Fe_2O_3、Fe_3O_4、γ-FeOOH。由于不稳定锈蚀物的存在,铁锅有继续腐蚀的趋势。因此,在遗址现场,通过去锈、清洗、涂刷型磷化液缓蚀、微晶石蜡封护等措施对铁锅进行了保护。处理后的铁锅状况稳定,没有出现继续腐蚀。该现场保护措施,可为考古出土大型铁器的保护提供一定的借鉴作用。     

试析历史地理学在人地关系研究中的时间特征

人地关系是历史地理学研究的核心。本文以系统方法论为指导,对人地关系发展过程中所体现出来的宏观、中观和微观的时间特征进行了初步分析,认为历史地理学在探讨人地关系中,其所揭示的过程是完整性和阶段性、连续性与差异性的统一过程,因而是最富有揭示人地关系动态过程及其规律的学科之一。     

Lithology and fluid prediction from amplitude versus offset (AVO) seismic data

Seismic reflection data as used in the oil industry is acquired and processed as multitrace data with source‐receiver offsets from a few hundred metres (short offset) to several kilometres (long offset). This set of data is referred to as ‘pre‐stack’. The traces are processed by velocity analysis, migration and stacking to yield a data volume of traces with ‘zero‐offset’. The signal‐to‐noise enhancement resulting from this approach is very significant. However, reflection amplitude changes in the pre‐stack domain may also be analysed to yield enhanced rock physics parameter estimates. Pre‐stack seismic data is widely used to predict lithology, reservoir quality and fluid distribution in exploration and production studies. Amplitude versus offset (AVO) data, especially anomalous signals, have been used for decades as indicators of hydrocarbon saturation and favourable reservoir development. Recently, enhanced quantification of these types of measurement, using seismic inversion techniques in the pre‐stack domain, have significantly enhanced the utility of such measurements. Using these techniques, for example, probability of the occurrence of hydrocarbons throughout the seismic data can be estimated, and as a consequence the many pre‐stack volumes acquired in a three‐dimensional (3D) can be survey, reduced to a single, more interpretable volume. The possibilities of 4D time lapse observation extend the measurements to changes in fluid content (and pressure) with time, and with obvious benefits in establishing the accuracy of dynamic reservoir models and improvements in field development planning. As an illustration, recent results from the Nelson Field (UK North Sea), are presented where we show the method by which probability volumes for oil sands may be calculated. The oil–sand probability volumes for three 3D seismic datasets acquired in 1990, 1997 and 2000 are compared and production effects in these data are demonstrated.     

宋朝西南边疆民族地区的土地赋税政策

除少数几次“开边”之外,宋朝政府在西南边疆民族地区实行较为温和的开拓政策,“纳土”以及“赐土”行动伴随两宋始终。在所谓“变夷为汉”的实施过程中,对夷民征收赋税是一项关键措施。宋政府的土地赋税政策并不确定,各地的实际情况有很大差异。田土交易也大体经历了从禁到开禁．到再禁三个阶段。     

The Problems of Utilizing ‘Direct Experience’ in Geography Education

In response to the various calls for sustainable development, a range of activities has been initiated by central and local government, business, NGOs and other institutions. In this paper, the authors focus on the important learning context of higher education. They review the agenda established at Rio and, through a critical examination of developments within the UK, comment on issues and challenges facing the sector.     

出土遗物现场应急处置方法

近些年来,考古出土遗迹和遗物的种类越来越丰富,利用何种方法手段去处置和保护,使这些珍贵的遗迹和遗物有效地保存下去是一个重要的研究课题。为此,介绍了一些对考古出土遗迹和遗物有效的处置保护措施与方法,为考古学科的开展和研究提供更加全面翔实的实物资料。     

‘Mɔn’ (to marry/to cook): negotiating becoming a wife and woman in the kitchens of a northern Ghanaian Konkomba community

In this article, I consider the kitchen as domestic space that is at once gendered and gendering in its construction and use by women as they negotiate their social position across the life course. Deeply rooted patriarchal values structure Konkomba society in northern Ghana, and a woman's role is to be a wife, to prepare food in support of her husband's family and community. Although the normative definition of woman's role in society stems from a clear-cut division of labor between women and men, a woman must negotiate her social position and ability to fulfill these labor obligations; she becomes a woman and wife by working to gain access to and control over resources and labor. I explore the shifting dynamics of women's work and social position across the life course, emphasizing the transition from young woman to woman-as-wife-as-cook in her husband's community. These negotiations take place in the kitchen – a fiercely feminine space in which a woman becomes a wife when she earns the right to place hearth stones and prepare a ceremonial ‘first meal’ for her husband and his community.     

对拓跋鲜卑及北朝汉化问题的总体考察

从258年拓跋力微迁居盛乐到581年北周为隋所代,拓跋鲜卑及北朝经历了一个复杂的汉化过程。从北魏皇室始祖到北魏前期,虽有汉化因素,但其主流思想是坚守本民族习俗和文化。北魏中期,积极推行全面汉化政策。北魏后期,部分鲜卑人对孝文帝的全面汉化改革进行反思、清算甚至猛烈反扑,曾一度出现了新的鲜卑化倾向。东魏、北齐对汉化政策反扑最为激烈,胡风、胡俗越来越重。西魏、北周虽有胡风、胡俗回潮现象,但幅度较低,范围较窄,主要是对孝文帝以来汉化之路的逐步回归和对民族关系的不断调适,为消灭北齐、统一北方并为隋唐盛世的出现奠定了坚实基础。