Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) and banana (Musa sp.) microfossils in deposits from the Kona Field System,Island of Hawaii

Analysis of plant microfossils (pollen, phytoliths, starch grains and xylem cells) was carried out on 12 soil samples from a variety of pre-contact archaeological features in South Kona within a portion of what has been termed the Kona Field System, on the Island of Hawaii. The oldest radiocarbon ages of the sampled deposits are 1300–1625 AD and 1310–1470 AD. The pollen and phytolith evidence suggests a change from more to less trees and shrubs in the area as a result of human activity. We found phytoliths of banana (Musa sp.) leaves in most and starch grains and xylem cells of tuberous roots of c.f. sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) in all of the samples, suggesting that the sampled features were associated with these crops and that both crops were cultivated intensively within the study area. Higher concentrations (volumetric) of starch and xylem in samples from older deposits suggest that cultivation was more intensive then. The apparent absence of starch and xylem remains of other tuberous crops archaeologically identified elsewhere in Polynesia suggests that tuberous cropping within the study area was mono-specific.     

青海解放60年藏族聚居区经济社会发展回顾与思考

伴随着新中国的诞生和成长,青海藏族聚居区已经走过近60年不平凡的历程,经济社会发生了翻天覆地的巨大变化。从总体上看,由于诸多因素的综合影响,该地区仍处于相对落后的状态,进一步加快发展势在必行。本文在简要回顾新中国60年青海藏族聚居区经济社会发展的光辉历程与巨大成就的基础上,客观分析了藏族聚居区发展面临的重要机遇与制约因素,探讨了推动其经济社会跨越发展的现实路径。     

新中国60年的创新历程与经验

新中国的创新历程可分两个阶段:第一阶段建立了社会主义政治经济文化制度并在科技方面展开创新探索;第二阶段在改革开放中逐步建立社会主义市场经济体制并在文化科技等方面取得丰富创新成果。新中国60年的创新经验是发扬优良传统,坚持共产党领导,推进马克思主义中国化理论与时俱进,发扬人民群众的首创精神,追求理性,克服盲目冒进。     

国外中华人民共和国史研究的发展进程

在对中华人民共和国历史的研究中,国外的相关机构、学者及其研究成果是一个有别于国内学界的研究群体和范围。国外中华人民共和国史研究以20世纪70年代末为界大致可分为两个阶段,他们开展研究的历史背景复杂,研究成果显著,形成了一定的研究规模,既有各国研究的个性和特点,也呈现出某些共性的问题。     

Gender and Life Course in the Narratives of Melbourne's High‐rise Housing Developers

Socially constructed ideas about the life course, sometimes encompassing gender relations, have long informed the views of those within the housing development industry about who should be housed where in the city, living what sorts of lives. Drawing on the findings of a recent study of developers’ narratives about the construction of expensive, high‐rise housing in central Melbourne, a relatively new form of dwelling even in this part of the metropolitan area, several themes are found to characterise the taken‐for‐granted ways in which these city‐builders view the gendered life courses of housing consumers. Developers’ narratives oppose the suburban ‘home’ to the high‐rise ‘lifestyle’, consider central city high‐rise residences as appropriate only for people without families, and see women, separately from the couples they make up with men, only as potential victims requiring the security that high‐rise apartment living is said to provide. These narratives reiterate the characteristics of an essentialised ‘empty nester’, or ‘young professional’ housing consumer, who is envisaged to occupy the new housing and is defined according to life course stage and gender. The developers’ partial and narrow accounts of the likely consumers of this high‐rise housing is one factor amongst many that explains the building of precincts of high‐rise housing that have limited facilities for children and for pursuits other than consumption of the individual ‘lifestyle’.     

新时期中国近代社会史研究评析

20多年来,社会史研究已经成为中国近现代史领域中最令人瞩目的方向。中国近代社会史研究经历了学科复兴、体系建构和稳步发展的三个阶段。中国近代社会史研究的时代特征主要体现为:区域社会史成果突出,其理论研究也日趋深化;近代乡村史研究方兴未艾,走向深入;新理念下的社会性别史引人关注。对于传统的中国近代史学科而言,社会史研究的学术贡献主要表现为三个方面:即突破教条,重构体系;汲取新知,更新方法;三大转向,完成转型。跨学科的交叉渗透、多学科理论方法的汲取,为社会史的进一步发展提供了深广的学理基础和诱人的前景。     

对盘龙城Ⅰ号磁异常场源性质的认识

本文介绍了2006年在盘龙城进行的田野考古物探工作的过程和新的发现。文章从投入田野考古物探的方法技术要求、野外数据资料采集的质量评价、数据资料的处理和图示进行了介绍·重点描述了对所发现的M1磁异常场源性质的认识、分析和探讨的过程,指出引起位于盘龙城府河河滩上的Ⅰ号磁异常的场源很可能是规模较大的地下人文构筑物。     

江苏盱眙县泗州城遗址出土大铁锅的现场保护

江苏盱眙县泗州城遗址考古出土的大铁锅迅速发生锈蚀,需要采取现场保护措施。为此,经现场XRF检测并取样后进行铁锅材质金相分析、锈蚀物拉曼光谱(LRS)分析。结果显示,铁锅为灰铸铁铸成,锈蚀物主要成分为Fe_2O_3、Fe_3O_4、γ-FeOOH。由于不稳定锈蚀物的存在,铁锅有继续腐蚀的趋势。因此,在遗址现场,通过去锈、清洗、涂刷型磷化液缓蚀、微晶石蜡封护等措施对铁锅进行了保护。处理后的铁锅状况稳定,没有出现继续腐蚀。该现场保护措施,可为考古出土大型铁器的保护提供一定的借鉴作用。     

Excavating Communities: Lewis R. Binford and the Interpretation of the Archaeological Record in Illinois

Lewis Binford’s contributions to field archaeology have been largely ignored in favor of his many contributions to theoretical issues dominating the discipline of archaeology at the end of the twentieth century. We examine Binford’s excavation methods in southern Illinois in the early 1960s and demonstrate how his considered approach served to systematize large-scale site excavation procedures. He adopted the time-honored tool of the salvage archaeologist—heavy equipment—and unapologetically employed it in a fundamentally new way, proving it to be a tool that served the greater goals of archaeological research. We trace the development of field methods and theoretical approaches in two case studies of Illinois archaeology and demonstrate how Binford’s contributions have been incorporated or rejected by subsequent CRM researchers.     

论地理学的重构

通过对传统地理学及其学科体系结构的系统审视,认为传统地理学的危机是其重领域、轻视角,重具体、轻抽象的结果。提出地理学摆脱危机的途径是在现代地理学学科结构框架下,强化地理学核心学科群的建设;并指出了在充分利用现代地理学研究成果的同时,地理学核心学科强化的仿经济学路线与仿物理学路线。