武汉博物馆文物保存环境研究

为全面了解武汉博物馆的文物保存环境现状,科学评价该馆文物库房环境达标试点工程的成效,总结实践经验,服务我国馆藏文物保存环境改善工作,采用相关检测设施和仪器分析手段,针对该馆的改造新文物库房、未改造老库房、文物储藏柜、包装囊盒、陈列展厅、文物展柜内的环境质量,检测了其中的温度、相对湿度、甲醛浓度、板材的木材含水率、可见光照度以及紫外辐照强度等指标,并对环境中的酸性气体和VOC浓度进行了采样分析。检测研究结果表明,武汉博物馆达标改造工程对库房温湿度和光照水平的控制成效明显,基本达到了文物保护要求;增添使用的文物储藏柜、包装囊盒、活性炭吸附材料等具有一定的微环境调控效果。由于装饰材料和橱柜材料等散发污染物的影响、恒温恒湿系统的间歇式运转模式、部分老库房和展厅采用无防护自然采光设计等原因,现文物保存环境中还存在主要污染气体浓度普遍偏高、湿度呈现短周期性波动、局部光照水平偏高等情况。对此,给出了一些建议。     

出土遗物现场应急处置方法

近些年来,考古出土遗迹和遗物的种类越来越丰富,利用何种方法手段去处置和保护,使这些珍贵的遗迹和遗物有效地保存下去是一个重要的研究课题。为此,介绍了一些对考古出土遗迹和遗物有效的处置保护措施与方法,为考古学科的开展和研究提供更加全面翔实的实物资料。     

Lithology and fluid prediction from amplitude versus offset (AVO) seismic data

Seismic reflection data as used in the oil industry is acquired and processed as multitrace data with source‐receiver offsets from a few hundred metres (short offset) to several kilometres (long offset). This set of data is referred to as ‘pre‐stack’. The traces are processed by velocity analysis, migration and stacking to yield a data volume of traces with ‘zero‐offset’. The signal‐to‐noise enhancement resulting from this approach is very significant. However, reflection amplitude changes in the pre‐stack domain may also be analysed to yield enhanced rock physics parameter estimates. Pre‐stack seismic data is widely used to predict lithology, reservoir quality and fluid distribution in exploration and production studies. Amplitude versus offset (AVO) data, especially anomalous signals, have been used for decades as indicators of hydrocarbon saturation and favourable reservoir development. Recently, enhanced quantification of these types of measurement, using seismic inversion techniques in the pre‐stack domain, have significantly enhanced the utility of such measurements. Using these techniques, for example, probability of the occurrence of hydrocarbons throughout the seismic data can be estimated, and as a consequence the many pre‐stack volumes acquired in a three‐dimensional (3D) can be survey, reduced to a single, more interpretable volume. The possibilities of 4D time lapse observation extend the measurements to changes in fluid content (and pressure) with time, and with obvious benefits in establishing the accuracy of dynamic reservoir models and improvements in field development planning. As an illustration, recent results from the Nelson Field (UK North Sea), are presented where we show the method by which probability volumes for oil sands may be calculated. The oil–sand probability volumes for three 3D seismic datasets acquired in 1990, 1997 and 2000 are compared and production effects in these data are demonstrated.     

湄洲岛妈祖文化旅游场域的三维构造——一个人类学的视角

在布迪厄“场域理论”研究架构下,本文以福建湄洲岛妈祖文化旅游场域为对象,透过对该场域时间、空间和阶层三维构造特征的分析,展现其文化资本和旅游情境的形成过程,在场域逻辑的探寻中呈现旅游场域的成型历程。     

周公庙遗址田野考古工作的理念与方法——2007～2008年度中国田野考古一等奖获奖项目介绍

2004年2月,陕西省考古研究所与北京大学考古文博学院联合成立周公庙考古队之始,就把判定该遗址商周时期聚落性质作为学术研究     

Towards a Living Archive: Making Multi Layered Research Data and Knowledge Generation Transparent

ABSTRACT

Çatalhöyük was first discovered as one of the earliest urban settlements in the late 1950s and excavated by James Mellaart between 1961 and 1965. The 9000-year-old town in central Turkey rapidly became famous internationally due to the large size and dense occupation of the settlement, as well as the spectacular wall paintings and other art that were uncovered inside the houses. Since 1993, under the direction of Ian Hodder, research at Çatalhöyük has pioneered a reflexive approach to archaeological practice, in which information is permanently open to reinterpretation by both scholars and the public. This approach acknowledges the mutual dependence of knowledge and the underlying research, to which end the Çatalhöyük Project decided to make its records available via the Web and to invite public comment since its onset. After 25 years of excavation, the project’s digital assets now amount to close to 5TB, including formal textual and numeric records, freetext documents, audiovisual materials, and a comprehensive collection of spatial data. The reflexive method, or ‘documentation of the documentation process,’ adds a separate layer of information that specifies how data have been gathered, and facilitates critique, understanding, and the evolution of knowledge.

In this paper we lay out our vision of an interactive archive that provides access to the multi layered information contained in this massive amount of data and how web technological advances have been incorporated into the digital data management at Çatalhöyük. Ultimately, the goal is to support an interdisciplinary process of assembling data into arguments on the basis of multiple lines of evidence. The ‘Living Archive’ will enable intuitive engagement across the entire variety of research, making use of the rich reflexive information stored with the data. The results of new analyses can in turn be reintegrated with the already existing data. The application will use open standards so that the knowledge gathered at Çatalhöyük can be linked with other projects that follow similar publication procedures based on the semantic web approach.     

Fragility-Based Performance Evaluation of Asymmetric Single-Story Buildings in Near Field and Far Field Earthquakes

Previous studies have shown that both distribution and intensity of response parameters in asymmetric buildings are dependent on their stiffnesses and strength distributions. The locations of centers of strength and rigidity relative to the center of mass provide suitable metrics for strength and stiffness distributions. In general, the proper locations of these centers are a function of earthquake ground motion characteristics and the level of building's nonlinear responses. In this article, using nonlinear response evaluation of single-story building models with a wide range of uncoupled torsional to lateral frequencies subjected to near field and far field earthquake excitations the proper location of building centers is studied . Diaphragm rotation, interstory drift, hinge plastic rotation, and ductility demand are selected as damage measure parameters. To compare the performance of models in each limit state, fragility representation of responses is used. It is concluded that proper configuration of building centers in a torsionally stiff building fundamentally depends on the chosen demand parameter. The proper configuration of centers in a torsionally stiff building for a specific demand parameter can converge the probability and distribution of related damages to those in the symmetric building counterpart. When the critical demand parameter for a case is identified, its corresponding arrangements of centers for a suitable seismic behavior may also be recognized. By rearranging the configuration of centers based on the attained configuration, the adverse effects of asymmetry can be avoided.     

Andrew Dury's map of the present seat of war,between the Russians,Poles, and Turks (1769)

Abstract

The chance assembling of a number of different impressions of Andrew Dury's Map of the present Seat of War between the Russians, Poles, and Turks (1769) in the British Library led the authors to examine the map's carto‐bibliographical history. Nine states of the map, two of which were sometimes sold with printed paste‐ons, have been identified to date. The two earliest states of the map are now in the State Historical Museum, Moscow. Although both are best described as proof, or pre‐publication, impressions, each bears evidence of intensive use at the highest levels of the Russian army command. Indeed, the circumstances leading to the creation of the map by Andrew Dury and Peter Bell and to a succession of different versions over the three decades or so of intermittent Russian‐Turkish hostilities highlight the interplay of international politics, individual initiative and commercial factors in late eighteenth‐century map production in London.     

单檐歇山式木构古建抵抗极端烈度地震试验调查研究

为更好地保护我国古建筑,基于《单檐歇山式古建筑抗震性能振动台试验》的相关成果,研究了强震作用下我国明清官式木构古建的抗震性能,制作了与该论文相同的试验模型,进行了振动台试验。通过对模型输入烈度逐渐增强的1940年El-centro波,并考虑地震波为水平双向作用,分析了强震作用下不同构造的试验现象,开展了详细的震后调查,获得了不同构造在强震作用下的抗震性能和震害机制。结果表明:强震作用下,我国明清官式木构古建的振动形式表现为柱架、斗拱、梁架及屋顶的近似同步往复摇摆;主要震害包括柱底偏移、榫卯节点开裂、拔榫、斗拱偏移及错位、额枋-垫板分离、墙体倒塌等,但承重木构架受损不严重,结构未产生倒塌。其良好抗震性能的原因与古建筑的构造特征密切相关。