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61.
宋朝西南边疆民族地区的土地赋税政策 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
刘复生 《中国边疆史地研究》2005,15(3):9-16
除少数几次“开边”之外,宋朝政府在西南边疆民族地区实行较为温和的开拓政策,“纳土”以及“赐土”行动伴随两宋始终。在所谓“变夷为汉”的实施过程中,对夷民征收赋税是一项关键措施。宋政府的土地赋税政策并不确定,各地的实际情况有很大差异。田土交易也大体经历了从禁到开禁．到再禁三个阶段。 相似文献
62.
Seismic reflection data as used in the oil industry is acquired and processed as multitrace data with source‐receiver offsets from a few hundred metres (short offset) to several kilometres (long offset). This set of data is referred to as ‘pre‐stack’. The traces are processed by velocity analysis, migration and stacking to yield a data volume of traces with ‘zero‐offset’. The signal‐to‐noise enhancement resulting from this approach is very significant. However, reflection amplitude changes in the pre‐stack domain may also be analysed to yield enhanced rock physics parameter estimates. Pre‐stack seismic data is widely used to predict lithology, reservoir quality and fluid distribution in exploration and production studies. Amplitude versus offset (AVO) data, especially anomalous signals, have been used for decades as indicators of hydrocarbon saturation and favourable reservoir development. Recently, enhanced quantification of these types of measurement, using seismic inversion techniques in the pre‐stack domain, have significantly enhanced the utility of such measurements. Using these techniques, for example, probability of the occurrence of hydrocarbons throughout the seismic data can be estimated, and as a consequence the many pre‐stack volumes acquired in a three‐dimensional (3D) can be survey, reduced to a single, more interpretable volume. The possibilities of 4D time lapse observation extend the measurements to changes in fluid content (and pressure) with time, and with obvious benefits in establishing the accuracy of dynamic reservoir models and improvements in field development planning. As an illustration, recent results from the Nelson Field (UK North Sea), are presented where we show the method by which probability volumes for oil sands may be calculated. The oil–sand probability volumes for three 3D seismic datasets acquired in 1990, 1997 and 2000 are compared and production effects in these data are demonstrated. 相似文献
63.
Ozan Cem Celik 《Journal of Earthquake Engineering》2013,17(5):738-748
The effect of autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) infill walls on the structural system dynamics of a two-story reinforced concrete building is investigated using its finite element structural model, which is calibrated to simulate the acceleration-frequency response curves from its forced vibration test. The model incorporating the AAC infill walls by equivalent diagonal struts captures the increase in lateral stiffness of the building and the torsional motions induced due to the asymmetrically placed AAC infill walls. A higher strut width coefficient than in ASCE/SEI 41-06 is recommended to model the stiffness of the AAC infill walls in the elastic range. 相似文献
64.
李存信 《文物保护与考古科学》2007,19(2):64-71
近些年来,考古出土遗迹和遗物的种类越来越丰富,利用何种方法手段去处置和保护,使这些珍贵的遗迹和遗物有效地保存下去是一个重要的研究课题。为此,介绍了一些对考古出土遗迹和遗物有效的处置保护措施与方法,为考古学科的开展和研究提供更加全面翔实的实物资料。 相似文献
65.
宁波\"小白礁Ⅰ号\"清代沉船位于浙江宁波象山石浦北渔山岛海域,于2014年发掘出水。经过长期的水下埋藏,\"小白礁Ⅰ号\"残存船体构件遭受多种病害破坏,亟需开展保护修复。通过对\"小白礁Ⅰ号\"船体构件的全面调查,并采样进行了树种、含水率、形貌、化学组分、可溶盐及微生物等多方面的分析,得知残存船体大部分保存状况较好,但不同部位保存状况差别较大,病害类型多样。相关分析和评估工作为船体后续保护处理提供了依据。 相似文献
66.
2004年2月,陕西省考古研究所与北京大学考古文博学院联合成立周公庙考古队之始,就把判定该遗址商周时期聚落性质作为学术研究 相似文献
67.
Vladimir E. Bulatov Catherine Delano Smith Francis Herbert 《Imago Mundi: The International Journal for the History of Cartography》2013,65(1):71-82
Abstract The chance assembling of a number of different impressions of Andrew Dury's Map of the present Seat of War between the Russians, Poles, and Turks (1769) in the British Library led the authors to examine the map's carto‐bibliographical history. Nine states of the map, two of which were sometimes sold with printed paste‐ons, have been identified to date. The two earliest states of the map are now in the State Historical Museum, Moscow. Although both are best described as proof, or pre‐publication, impressions, each bears evidence of intensive use at the highest levels of the Russian army command. Indeed, the circumstances leading to the creation of the map by Andrew Dury and Peter Bell and to a succession of different versions over the three decades or so of intermittent Russian‐Turkish hostilities highlight the interplay of international politics, individual initiative and commercial factors in late eighteenth‐century map production in London. 相似文献
68.
Previous studies have shown that both distribution and intensity of response parameters in asymmetric buildings are dependent on their stiffnesses and strength distributions. The locations of centers of strength and rigidity relative to the center of mass provide suitable metrics for strength and stiffness distributions. In general, the proper locations of these centers are a function of earthquake ground motion characteristics and the level of building's nonlinear responses. In this article, using nonlinear response evaluation of single-story building models with a wide range of uncoupled torsional to lateral frequencies subjected to near field and far field earthquake excitations the proper location of building centers is studied . Diaphragm rotation, interstory drift, hinge plastic rotation, and ductility demand are selected as damage measure parameters. To compare the performance of models in each limit state, fragility representation of responses is used. It is concluded that proper configuration of building centers in a torsionally stiff building fundamentally depends on the chosen demand parameter. The proper configuration of centers in a torsionally stiff building for a specific demand parameter can converge the probability and distribution of related damages to those in the symmetric building counterpart. When the critical demand parameter for a case is identified, its corresponding arrangements of centers for a suitable seismic behavior may also be recognized. By rearranging the configuration of centers based on the attained configuration, the adverse effects of asymmetry can be avoided. 相似文献
69.
ABSTRACTÇatalhöyük was first discovered as one of the earliest urban settlements in the late 1950s and excavated by James Mellaart between 1961 and 1965. The 9000-year-old town in central Turkey rapidly became famous internationally due to the large size and dense occupation of the settlement, as well as the spectacular wall paintings and other art that were uncovered inside the houses. Since 1993, under the direction of Ian Hodder, research at Çatalhöyük has pioneered a reflexive approach to archaeological practice, in which information is permanently open to reinterpretation by both scholars and the public. This approach acknowledges the mutual dependence of knowledge and the underlying research, to which end the Çatalhöyük Project decided to make its records available via the Web and to invite public comment since its onset. After 25 years of excavation, the project’s digital assets now amount to close to 5TB, including formal textual and numeric records, freetext documents, audiovisual materials, and a comprehensive collection of spatial data. The reflexive method, or ‘documentation of the documentation process,’ adds a separate layer of information that specifies how data have been gathered, and facilitates critique, understanding, and the evolution of knowledge.In this paper we lay out our vision of an interactive archive that provides access to the multi layered information contained in this massive amount of data and how web technological advances have been incorporated into the digital data management at Çatalhöyük. Ultimately, the goal is to support an interdisciplinary process of assembling data into arguments on the basis of multiple lines of evidence. The ‘Living Archive’ will enable intuitive engagement across the entire variety of research, making use of the rich reflexive information stored with the data. The results of new analyses can in turn be reintegrated with the already existing data. The application will use open standards so that the knowledge gathered at Çatalhöyük can be linked with other projects that follow similar publication procedures based on the semantic web approach. 相似文献
70.
《毛诗正义》在《诗》学理论、《诗》学方法和《诗》学品格三个维度为宋代《诗》学的新变提供了可供更新和强化的基因,在唐代《诗》学向宋代《诗》学的演进过程中实扮演着继往开来、导夫先路的重要角色。它对后世《诗》学具有重要影响力,很大程度上须归功于其可贵的《诗》学品格。 相似文献