Field anthropology: application to burial contexts in prehistoric Southeast Asia

The context of burials in archaeological sites, that is whether the body was inhumed, wrapped, or in a coffin, is an aspect of mortuary ritual that has been missing from English-language publications on the subject. This is despite the development and use in France over at least the last two decades of methods of determining the context under the rubric ‘l'Anthropologie de Terrain’, or Field Anthropology. This paper briefly reviews the methods and applies them to prehistoric burial samples from two sites in Southeast Asia. This shows that burials at the Bronze Age site of Ban Lum Khao were either in coffins or wrapped. The practice of coffin burial appears to have been abandoned later, as all burials at the nearby Iron Age site of Noen U-Loke were wrapped.     

Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) and banana (Musa sp.) microfossils in deposits from the Kona Field System,Island of Hawaii

Analysis of plant microfossils (pollen, phytoliths, starch grains and xylem cells) was carried out on 12 soil samples from a variety of pre-contact archaeological features in South Kona within a portion of what has been termed the Kona Field System, on the Island of Hawaii. The oldest radiocarbon ages of the sampled deposits are 1300–1625 AD and 1310–1470 AD. The pollen and phytolith evidence suggests a change from more to less trees and shrubs in the area as a result of human activity. We found phytoliths of banana (Musa sp.) leaves in most and starch grains and xylem cells of tuberous roots of c.f. sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) in all of the samples, suggesting that the sampled features were associated with these crops and that both crops were cultivated intensively within the study area. Higher concentrations (volumetric) of starch and xylem in samples from older deposits suggest that cultivation was more intensive then. The apparent absence of starch and xylem remains of other tuberous crops archaeologically identified elsewhere in Polynesia suggests that tuberous cropping within the study area was mono-specific.     

南京地区六朝石刻保护现状的调查与分析

南京的六朝石刻保护现状令人关切,对石刻的保护已刻不容缓。     

对盘龙城Ⅰ号磁异常场源性质的认识

本文介绍了2006年在盘龙城进行的田野考古物探工作的过程和新的发现。文章从投入田野考古物探的方法技术要求、野外数据资料采集的质量评价、数据资料的处理和图示进行了介绍·重点描述了对所发现的M1磁异常场源性质的认识、分析和探讨的过程,指出引起位于盘龙城府河河滩上的Ⅰ号磁异常的场源很可能是规模较大的地下人文构筑物。     

乾陵地衣调查报告

对乾陵石刻上生长的地衣进行全面系统的调查,了解地衣对石刻的危害,摸清危害石刻的主要地衣种类,提出了用改善石刻表面吸水性来拟制地衣生长的方法保护石刻物。     

Effects of Soil Characterization on the Seismic Input

This paper is aimed at determining the effects of the soil characterization on the seismic input to use for seismic assessment. Three different soil profiles have been assembled to represent the stratigraphies found through a proper experimental investigation, carefully described, and alternative seismic site response analyses have been performed. The surface spectra obtained from the seismic site response analysis (SRA) are very different from each other, thus evidencing the importance of carefully describing soil stratigraphy. Furthermore, the comparison among the surface records found for different return periods has shown a limited sensitivity of the SRA to the seismic intensity.     

江苏盱眙县泗州城遗址出土大铁锅的现场保护

江苏盱眙县泗州城遗址考古出土的大铁锅迅速发生锈蚀,需要采取现场保护措施。为此,经现场XRF检测并取样后进行铁锅材质金相分析、锈蚀物拉曼光谱(LRS)分析。结果显示,铁锅为灰铸铁铸成,锈蚀物主要成分为Fe_2O_3、Fe_3O_4、γ-FeOOH。由于不稳定锈蚀物的存在,铁锅有继续腐蚀的趋势。因此,在遗址现场,通过去锈、清洗、涂刷型磷化液缓蚀、微晶石蜡封护等措施对铁锅进行了保护。处理后的铁锅状况稳定,没有出现继续腐蚀。该现场保护措施,可为考古出土大型铁器的保护提供一定的借鉴作用。     

Excavating Communities: Lewis R. Binford and the Interpretation of the Archaeological Record in Illinois

Lewis Binford’s contributions to field archaeology have been largely ignored in favor of his many contributions to theoretical issues dominating the discipline of archaeology at the end of the twentieth century. We examine Binford’s excavation methods in southern Illinois in the early 1960s and demonstrate how his considered approach served to systematize large-scale site excavation procedures. He adopted the time-honored tool of the salvage archaeologist—heavy equipment—and unapologetically employed it in a fundamentally new way, proving it to be a tool that served the greater goals of archaeological research. We trace the development of field methods and theoretical approaches in two case studies of Illinois archaeology and demonstrate how Binford’s contributions have been incorporated or rejected by subsequent CRM researchers.     

论地理学的重构

通过对传统地理学及其学科体系结构的系统审视,认为传统地理学的危机是其重领域、轻视角,重具体、轻抽象的结果。提出地理学摆脱危机的途径是在现代地理学学科结构框架下,强化地理学核心学科群的建设;并指出了在充分利用现代地理学研究成果的同时,地理学核心学科强化的仿经济学路线与仿物理学路线。     

慈溪潮塘江元代沉船保存状态研究

慈溪潮塘江元代沉船是慈溪地区迄今发现并经科学发掘的第一艘古代沉船,船体结构保存较为完整,现存10道隔舱壁板。通过¹⁴C测年进一步确认沉船所属时代为元代(1271年—1368年)。在沉船船体70个监测点位采集样品,从树种类型、木材化学组分、硫铁元素含量以及微生物病害种类等多个角度开展检测研究,全面调查分析沉船病害情况。结果表明,慈溪潮塘江元代沉船木材样品整体保存状态较好,由于长期处于内河道埋藏环境,木材处于饱水状态,最大含水率主要集中分布于185%～400%之间,局部区域呈现变色、变形、扭曲、开裂现象,木材化学组分呈现低综纤维素、高灰分的特点,含有少量硫铁元素,属于中度腐蚀状态,亟待开展盐分脱除与填充加固等船体保护工作。