从传统农庄到现代城市社区转型的曲折历程——“无保调查”中保定市薛刘营村城市化进程考察

河北省保定市薛刘营村是中国农村经济史上持续80余年著名的"无保调查"中具有特殊意义的研究对象。这个紧邻城市的传统农庄,在新中国成立初期被纳入城市郊区,20世纪90年代末纳入市区,而今即将转变为一个新型城市社区。该村城市化经历了从顺畅起步而后受阻,到快速发展后遭遇产业结构、就业结构和居民身份转换与市民待遇转换长期不同步的"非均衡"发展状况,再到突破旧村拆迁瓶颈,实现建立现代城市社区的曲折历程。这一过程提供了以村为单位研究中国北方城郊传统农庄城市化的完整标本,也为推进北方城郊农村城市化发展提供了宝贵经验。     

Evaluating sources of variation in the identification of linear hypoplastic defects of enamel: a new quantified method

Assessment and interpretation of the presence of developmental defects of enamel formation that result from childhood experiences of growth disruption, enamel hypoplasia, is a standard part of almost any systematic bioarchaeological assessment. However, different identification methods lead to different results. This study presents a new method of defect identification that offers a quantitative criterion for establishing defect presence rather than relying solely on observer judgement. It then compares this with a standard field approach to assessing enamel hypoplasia and a non-quantified microscopic approach in order to determine (a) if traditional methods of identifying enamel hypoplasia under little or no magnification offer the same information about the experience of childhood health as methods that examine dental enamel growth microscopically, and (b) the effect of using a quantified criterion to identify enamel hypoplasia. A case study using simultaneously developing teeth in one individual is presented where observations of defect presence are made both macroscopically and microscopically and with and without this novel metric method. The results demonstrate that the chosen scale of observation is a critical variable in identifying linear hypoplastic defects of enamel. Defects that occur in the more cervical regions of a tooth are ‘missed’ by methods that rely on macroscopic observation or the unaided visual judgement of the observer. This finding has considerable implications for the interpretation of reported enamel hypoplasia prevalence.     

Student Empowerment through 'Area Analysis'

As a result of the teaching quality assessment at the Faculty of Spatial Sciences in Groningen (Netherlands), the course 'Gebiedsanalyse' (Area Analysis) was set up in spring 1998. The aim was to provide an opportunity for the development of transferable and geographical skills in the context of a group-based research project at level II. In addition, an effort was made to move from tutor-led to student-led learning. Experiences from the past 3 years have shown that Area Analysis has been largely successful in providing an opportunity for the application of geographical and transferable skills but also for the 'deep empowerment' of undergraduate students.     

Evaluation of Strength Hierarchy of Beam-Column Joints of Existing RC Structures under Seismic Type Loading

To evaluate the strength hierarchy, three different types of exterior beam-column joint, i.e., gravity load designed, non ductile and ductile, following two different codes are considered. Strength of different components of beam-column joint, i.e., column, beam, and joint core, is individually calculated from different failure criteria. Shear strength of the joint is evaluated from softened strut and tie model. Strength hierarchy, ultimate strength, and critical failure modes of the specimens are analytically estimated and found to be well corroborated with the experimental results. The study will help in designing the earthquake resistant RC structures in a more rational way.     

陕西府谷县明代孤山堡古城考古收获

Based on historical texts, the gushanbao ancient walled-town was constructed during the Ming Dynasty Zhengtong years and served as a military defensive facility. The layout of this walled-town is in a slender eggplant shape. The length from south to north （the longest axis） is 650m and the width from east to west is between 180 -235 m. Four gateways were situated on both sides of wall and two barbicans connected to the north and south gateways, but only the north one is preserved now. A total of four rearm＇an （protruding wall adhesion） was respectively situated on the east, west and north wall. The body of wall was constructed with rammed-earth and protected by bricks from outside. A brick-kiln was discovered in the north of the walled-town. An arch-shape drainage gate was founded below the south wall.     

场域理论视角下的国际移民研究——以安徽内陆新侨乡为例

论文介绍了场域理论,并运用场域理论对中国内陆山区新侨乡的国际移民潮进行分析。通过对场域、资本和村民＂习性＂的研究,从外在的社会结构和内在的个体心理结构两方面来考察新移民活动,为新侨乡研究提供一种新的观察解读模式。笔者认为新移民场域内资本的流动和转换是推动国际移民潮出现和变化的关键因素。随着各种资本向内陆山区农村的转移,新侨乡的范围和国际移民的数量将会继续扩大。     

毛泽东致罗学瓒的一枚明信片考释

1918年8月11日，毛泽东给罗学瓒写了封明信片，此信不仅是一幅书法艺术佳作，更是研究中共党史和毛泽东早年思想、活动的一份珍档。毛泽东缘何要写这封信？此信背后到底尘封了一段怎样的历史？本文对此信的写作背詈及由来作一翔实考释。     

北魏均田制下产权制度变迁分析

结合新制度经济学的有关理论,对我国历史上的均田制进行分析是很有意义的。作为国家强制性的制度变迁形式,均田制依靠国家的力量得以推行,为国家建立税收基础,以实现国家租金收入的最大化。但是,在均田制实施的过程中,却遭遇到了来自下层的变通与退出力量,使得均田制度的演进过程又呈现出既定利益结构下的诱致性变迁。     

实地考察与顾颉刚的学术研究

顾颉刚先生一生都喜欢游历 ,他非常重视实地的考察 ,并自觉地将实地考察与学术研究紧密地结合起来。他在古史考辨、民俗学、历史地理学、边疆与民族问题等诸多学术领域中取得的巨大成就 ,都在很大程度上得益于对实地考察的重视及身体力行。他这种严谨扎实的治学精神是留给后人的宝贵精神财富 ,同时也在史学方法论方面给了我们极大的启迪     

江苏省“口头和非物质遗产”调查与思考

江苏省“口头和非物质遗产”丰富多姿,但其现存状况面临诸多困难,对其进行有效的整理、保护和传承已成为当务之急。