从突破部族社会桎梏的意义去认识周初变革——兼谈五种社会形态问题

周初的政治变革,打破了殷商时期以血缘纽带为依托的族邦方国结构,使中国历史从此走上了一条崭新的发展道路。它使生活于广大地域的人们开始突破狭小的、具有极强稳定性的族邦结构社会的桎梏,而形成了一种以语言文字、道德伦理和风俗习惯等文化认同为纽带的、强固紧密的精神凝聚力量,从而具有了不断向更高社会阶段发展的现实基础。     

考古学次生堆积的研究与探索

一、问题的提出 随着当代考古学的目标从器物描述扩展到对人类行为的信息提炼,对考古遗址中文化堆积改造和遗址形成过程的了解,便成为田野工作的一项重要方面。虽然,对过去社会文化和人类活动的了解取决于考古学家对遗址的仔细发掘和采样,但是发掘和采样在多大程度上反映了历史的真实面貌,则是一个很大的未知数。因为,考古遗址从形成开始,不但受到人类活动的改造,而且在使用时和废弃后的漫长岁月里,还会被堆积后的自然和人类动力破坏得面目全非。所以,如果要科学地认识考古学文化,仔细分辨人类和自然对考古遗址的改造和扰动就必…     

21世纪经济地域景观形态研究

知识经济是21世纪的主导经济。新经济的出现必然会给人类的产业活动带来深远的影响。作为经济活动载体的经济地域必将伴随着这种影响发生深刻的"变革"。最终引起经济地域景观形态的全新变化。一方面表现为经济地域空间结构(即其核心、外围、网络及三者组合关系)将发生根本性的变化;另一方面,经济地域空间结构的变化将使得经济地域的外观形态以全新的面貌展现给世人。本文在明确经济地域景观形态基本内涵的基础上,对知识经济带来的经济地域景观要素及其组合关系的新变化作了较系统地阐述。进而对知识经济时代经济地域的景观形态作了定性、定量的展望。     

重返“古苗疆走廊”——西南地区、民族研究与文化产业发展新视阈

元明时期新开辟的从湖广经贵州通往云南的"东路"驿道,不仅是维系内地与西南边陲往来的主要交通命脉,并且也直接影响了明清时期西南边疆地区政治版图的变化。本文首次提出了"古苗疆走廊"这一概念,初步探讨了这条走廊对贵州省的建省、明清时代"苗疆"地区的"国家化"过程以及民族关系等所带来的影响,并对"古苗疆走廊"的地域及族群文化的特点等进行了初步整理和分析。就今后推进"古苗疆走廊"作为"世界文化线路遗产"申报的可能性问题,也提出了初步的看法。     

The Little Nyonya and Singapore’s national self: reflections on aesthetics,ethnicity and postcolonial state formation

Singapore’s postcolonial state formation process has combined the appeal/distress of a multiracial society with the nationalistic pride of economic development. In recent years, the city-state has witnessed a revival of Peranakan culture and history, referring to the descendants of early Chinese immigrants who integrated into Indigenous societies before becoming prized mediators for British colonisers in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. We question how these references are strategically deployed as part of the process of postcolonial state formation and how their aesthetic representations support public discussions and debates about what defines contemporary (Chinese) Singaporean identity. By examining Peranakan representations in the television series The Little Nyonya from a Deleuzian perspective, it will be argued that Peranakan history and culture are mobilised to de-territorialise previous meanings of national ethnic markers, specifically Chineseness, and to re-territorialise a local sense of Indigeneity. In reaction to concerns over Mainlander identity, representations of Peranakan culture and history in The Little Nyonya support the indigenisation of a specific Chinese identity that is accessible to all Singaporeans, offering an aesthetic framework in which the ongoing process of negotiating between Singapore’s national self and other unfolds.     

Learning by ‘design’: how undergraduates in Singapore learn to become engineers

ABSTRACT

In this paper, we explore the evolving norms and dispositions of creativity and enterprise of engineering students using data gathered from a newly established technology and engineering-focused university called ‘UniTech’ located in Singapore. Based on interviews with students, we seek to explain (1) what they learn, reject, adopt and appropriate; (2) the kinds of challenges they face and (3) the unexpected and serendipitous outcomes of their learning. Through an integrated engineering curriculum focusing on design, students learn to be technically competent, creative and entrepreneurial persons. This paper considers how the curriculum works as a set of formal procedures preparing students for a future ‘knowledge-based economy’ imagined to be technology-intensive, dynamic and filled with opportunities but also increasingly uncertain. We analyse how students at UniTech negotiate this design-focused curriculum where experiences of creativity, open-ended possibilities and holistic perspectives intersect with the national economic agenda of a knowledge-based economy.     

Bringing politics into class analysis: state power and class formation in post-Mao China

Traditional class theories invariably embrace the ‘proposition of economism’, either extruding politics from the causality of class formation or treating politics as epiphenomenal. Similar ideas of class inform much of the literature on class in the People's Republic of China (PRC). This article contends that social stratification and class formation in post-Mao China cannot be fully understood without recognising state power as a critical determinant of life chances and a major organising principle in the country's class map due to the authoritarian nature of the Party-state and the ubiquity of state power in the economic sphere. It proceeds to illustrate the part that state power plays at the macro and micro levels in the production and reproduction of class.     

Beyond the identification of formation processes: Behavioral inference based on traces left by cultural formation processes

Formation processes are generally considered as a negative factor for behavioral inference in archaeology. The concept of formation processes, however, can potentially be far more useful for behavioral inference in archaeology than simply identifying spurious variability in the archaeological record. Physical traces left by cultural formation processes convey a certain kind of behavioral information which may not be otherwise available. Variables related to site occupation, such as the occupation span, the number of occupation episodes, and the location of activities, can be inferred from characteristics of refuse deposits, or refuse structure.     

热带海岛型目的地情境下旅游者地方依恋：心理归因及其形成机理

地方依恋是国内外研究热点，但热带海岛型目的地情境下旅游者地方依恋的心理归因及其形成机理未被系统考察。选取海南岛的重游型及同质偏好型旅游者的网络游记为文本分析资料，基于扎根理论构建旅游者地方依恋整合模型。结果表明：①地方心理认知、地方情感象征、地方依恋倾向是旅游者地方依恋的心理归因，构成地方依恋的“认知—情感—行为倾向”概念模型；②由心理归因的内部响应路径与个体影响因素的外部调节路径构成的“响应—调节”系统机制是旅游者地方依恋的形成机理。具体来看，地方心理认知、地方情感象征、地方依恋倾向三个心理归因的响应顺序，构成了类比学习机制、刺激反应机制和符号消费机制三种典型层级。     

中国出境旅游安全事故时空分布格局及形成机制

以原国家旅游局“旅行社责任保险统保示范项目”中的11115条出境旅游出险案例为研究对象，运用数理统计和空间计量方法，对中国出境旅游安全事故时空分布格局及形成机制进行分析。研究表明：①出境旅游安全事故总体区域分布呈现出异质性和高度凝聚的分布态势。②各类型旅游安全事故具有集中性、差异性的频次分布特征和空间集聚特征。③各大洲旅游安全事故呈现出逐年扩张的发展态势，事故高发核心区聚集性不断增强，不同区域的旅游安全事故呈现出差异化的年际变化特征，各州事故季节波动也存在异质性，但均出现下降趋势。④旅游安全事故时空分布格局形成受客源地主体因素和目的地客体因素的共同影响，不同探测因子的影响力度呈现差异化特征。