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91.
The archaeology of the Late Postclassic lowland Maya (ca. A.D. 1200–1517) is summarized and reviewed. The history of past research is outlined, and investigations on topics of major scholarly concern are discussed. The current data allow us to present an approximate reconstruction of the events and processes that characterize the period, although the information on many areas and topics is still fragmentary. Research in Maya archaeology has focused heavily on the more spectacular developments of earlier periods, creating the impression that the last few centuries of the prehispanic era were a time of disorganization and decline. New data and interpretations indicate that the Late Postclassic was a dynamic period in which the lowland Maya were moving in new directions, restructuring their society and worldview.  相似文献   
92.
X光照相技术在文物及考古学研究中的应用   总被引:7,自引:2,他引:5  
X光照相方法的无损特性,就决定了这一技术适合被用于研究物这一特殊对象。本通过具体实例介绍了X光照相技术在物及考古学研究中的应用:可以反映不同材质物的保存状况,揭示被锈蚀物覆盖的铭及纹饰,显示古代器物的工艺痕迹,有助于考古出土物线图的绘制等。  相似文献   
93.
介绍了考古对象的磁性、磁异常特征及一般工作方法等。例举了在一些地区应用高精度磁测的情况和效果。以具体的实例证明该方法高效率、无损伤等优点的同时,进一步提出该方法在考古应用中应注意研究的问题。  相似文献   
94.
    
Beginning in the thirteenth century, documentary evidence for shipbuilding in the Mediterranean is conserved in legal contracts, personal notebooks, a handbook on seafaring, shipwrights' portfolios, and, by the late seventeenth century, a treatise on naval architecture. Venetian documents, in particular, reveal the basic principles for a method of shipbuilding based primarily upon the incremental modifications (partisoni) of a midships frame. When studied in the context of the archaeological evidence from Mediterranean shipwrecks and derelicts, it becomes apparent that basic elements of the partisone method were employed by Byzantine shipwrights to build the vessels that sank at Bozburun around 880 and at Serçe Limanı around 1025. Similarly, elements of the method were employed to build the Culip VI and Contarina I vessels from around 1300, over one hundred years before Michael of Rhodes first copied elements of the system into his nautical notebook beginning in 1434. Nonetheless, the decision to commit those rules to paper represents a bold step by Venetian seamen and artisans, who chose to do so for reasons of personal interest, educational benefit, and design competition.  相似文献   
95.
本文探讨了全新世以来长江流域环境变化、人类活动以及它们之间的相互影响,以期人们认识该流域人与自然的历史渊源和现实问题,为我们保护好、建设好长江经济带提供理论基础。  相似文献   
96.
为了分析在不同激励下振动对古建筑的影响,选择苏州市省级文物保护单位——玉涵堂古建筑进行振动测试。记录了环境振动、地下轨道交通激励、人群社会活动激励和音响激励四种工况时一座两层砖木阁楼的振动信号。发现经过严格振动控制的地下轨道交通激励对古建筑振动的贡献可以忽略;环境振动和音响激励时段古建筑横向振动速度达标,而人群社会活动激励时段横向振动速度超标。从古建筑的建筑结构和功能区域划分以及人的激励形式三个方面对通常被忽视的人的因素进行了探讨,并提出了相应的减振措施。研究成果为其它类似两层砖木阁楼古建筑防护提供依据。  相似文献   
97.
    
This study presents the excavation and multidisciplinary analysis of seven skeletons recovered in a World War I Mass Grave on the mountains of the Veneto Region, Italy. While it is not a rare phenomenon to these mountainous areas involved in the First Conflict, it is exceptional, on these mountains, to find a mass grave with soldiers in primary burials. Stratigraphic excavation was the mean used for recovery, along with 3D laser scanning documentation. Every skeleton but one was found complete and in anatomical connection. Four soldiers lay in the prone position; two subjects were lying on their side. Identification of the nationality was performed for two of the subjects, who both of whom had personal effects such as a badge for military vaccinations and religious medals. What remained of their uniforms gave clues about their Italian nationality. The entomological analysis conducted on fly puparia discovered close to the bones revealed that the bodies had not been buried immediately. The skeletons were biologically profiled by sex, age, height and ancestry. An accurate study of pathology and stress markers was carried on, as well as on skeletal trauma in order to establish the type of trauma and ammunition involved. The remains belonged altogether to seven Italian male soldiers ages between 18 and 35. Various kinds of stress markers revealed occupational (enthesopathies) and metabolic stress: several signs of cribra cranii and of cribra orbitalia were registered. The study of the injuries revealed a surprising variety of types of lesions, mostly lethal: a few subjects were struck by a shrapnel grenade; one soldier was killed by a grenade explosion. Two of the soldiers were probably executed, instead: this conclusion reached on the basis of gunshot holes (9 mm) in their skulls, and by the position of the injuries. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   
98.
    
The sensitivity of organic‐rich archaeological layers at Bryggen in Bergen, Norway, to changes in soil temperatures, water contents and oxygen concentrations is investigated. This is done by linking measurements of oxic decay at varying temperatures and water contents with on‐site monitoring data using a one‐pool decomposition model. The results show that the model can be used to elucidate the current in situ decay and to evaluate where and when the decay takes place. Future investigations need to include long‐term incubation experiments and decay studies at zero or very low oxygen contents in order to improve the robustness of predictions.  相似文献   
99.
    
《Southeastern Archaeology》2013,32(3):196-219
Abstract

This article describes the development and initial results of the Western North Carolina Mounds and Towns Project, a collaborative endeavor initiated by the Tribal Historic Preservation Office of the Eastern Band of Cherokee and the Coweeta Long Term Ecological Research Program at the University of Georgia. The goal of this project is to generate new information about the distribution of late prehistoric mounds and historic period townhouses in western North Carolina. This ongoing research has produced updated location and chronological data for 15 Mississippian period mounds and historic Cherokee townhouses, and led to the discovery of a possible location for the Jasper Allen mound. Using these new data, I suggest that David Hally's model for the territorial size of Mississippian polities provides a useful framework for generating new research questions about social and political change in western North Carolina. I also posit that the cultural practice of rebuilding townhouses in place and on top of Mississippian period platform mounds, a process that Christopher Rodning describes as “emplacement,” was common across western North Carolina. In terms of broader impacts, this project contributes positively to the development of indigenous archaeology in the Cherokee heartland.  相似文献   
100.
    
Postmodern science has aspects of both technoscience and interdisciplinary science, but is described exhaustively by neither. Twenty‐five years ago, Lyotard expected that postmodern science would reinforce our capacity to endure incommensurability. This paper suggests that the reverse is true also. Ignoring incommensurability is a precondition for the emergence of postmodern science. The bias in several large international science programs since around 1980 is toward data gathering and the technological and experimental aspects of science. Interdisciplinarity is the mechanism used to bring this about. One precondition of the success of these efforts is the low status of theory in current science and a predominance of data.  相似文献   
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