明代“剪灯”系列小说序跋与小说生态环境的考察几种传播途径

＂剪灯＂系列小说是明代文言小说领域的重要作品,通过对其序跋的研究,可以透视明代初期洪武年间到明代中期万历年间小说的生态环境;四个阶段的序跋恰好体现了明代小说逐步突出困境,日益赢得受众的喜爱,同时又不能不受主流思潮制约的过程。     

两种不同环境控制下砂岩类文物岩石材料剥落特征及形成机制差异性的研究

为了研究不同环境对砂岩类文物岩石材料劣化的影响和控制,本工作以北京西黄寺和柬埔寨吴哥遗址周萨神庙两种砂岩类文物岩石材料为研究对象,从砂岩表层剥落形态、物理性质、化学矿物成分及微观结构变异四个方面对剥落特征进行了系统论述,并从岩石特性和环境因素两方面对剥落形成机制进行了分析.研究结论认为周萨神庙砂岩表层剥落比西黄寺砂岩更严重,这是由于其材料本身特性略差、大气降雨作用和生物活动更频繁造成的.本工作的测试方法及剥落形成的机制可为类似研究提供参考.     

Socio‐cultural currents affecting heritage site consideration: The impact of human values on people's attitudes and behaviour

Abstract

Many heritage site directors think of market research in simple ‘who, what, when, where’ terms; who came to their site, what did they see, when did they come, and where did they come from? Some also have employed qualitative techniques to probe ‘why’, asking groups of visitors to tell moderators why they were attracted, or not, by some specific exhibit, site or display. Research can offer a far deeper understanding than this basic marketing information. After a brief introduction focusing on the impact of demographics in the next few years, and recent trends in visits to British attractions, the analysis of key attitudinal statements regarding the psychological impact of heritage and technology is examined to see which socio‐cultural trends affect attitudes to these concepts.     

Natural and cultural heritage

We receive communal legacies from two sources—the natural environment and the creations of human beings. To be sure, these inheritances everywhere commingle; no aspect of nature is unimpacted by human agency, no artefact devoid of environmental impress. Yet we have traditionally dealt quite differently with these two kinds of legacy. Though management of both heritages has many features in common, and both realms often share similar, if not the same, leaders and spokesmen, relations between the two are marked less by cooperative amity than by envy and rivalry. This essay discusses the reasons for our dissimilar approaches to nature and culture, and shows how they bear on the campaigns to protect and preserve each. In some important ways, the history, politics, and rhetoric of conservation and destruction are shown to have converged, in others to have diverged, over the last half century.     

1992年联合国环境与发展大会评析

联合国环境与发展大会是继1972年联合国人类环境大会后国际环境保护史上的又一个里程碑事件。大会的召开与20世纪80年代后期世界范围的环保主义高潮有着直接的联系。在预备会议和正式会议上,南北国家代表围绕全球可持续发展的几个主要焦点议题产生了分歧并展开了激烈的辩论。会议取得的主要成果表现在两个方面:一是确立了世界各国在可持续发展和国际合作的一般性原则。二是制订了可持续发展和国际合作的战略措施。     

Environmental violence and crises of legitimacy in New Caledonia

This paper addresses the question of what factors besides resource abundance or scarcity play crucial roles in conditioning resource-related violent conflict, by investigating the responses of residents of villages near a mining project in New Caledonia to Rhéébù Nùù, an indigenous environmental protest group. An overlooked and yet crucial factor in local support for Rhéébù Nùù was a lack of faith in the government and, more fundamentally, in the democratic system through which representatives were elected. Instead, villagers put their faith in a revitalization of customary authority. Thus, environmental violence is not driven simply by resource abundance or scarcity; in this instance, it masked a crisis of political legitimacy, grounded in a history of opposition to the colonial power. This leads to the paper's second question: What constitutes a basis for political legitimacy, and how is this legitimacy – and its contestation – mediated by socio-cultural concerns? This study suggests that legitimacy requires the achievement of three elements: representation of people's interests, coherence with cultural identity, and popular acceptance of methods used to exert power. The protest group was more successful at achieving these elements of legitimacy, and thus the support of the local residents, than was either the government or the mining company. However, not all community members felt that Rhéébù Nùù indeed had the support of customary authority, and many disagreed with the group's violent tactics. Thus, protest groups may be subject to the same criteria of legitimacy as the governments or other bodies that they oppose.     

将军崖史前岩画遗址的断代及相关问题的讨论

江苏连云港将军崖发现刻凿在基岩上的凹穴、刻以凹穴岩画的石棚和史前人面像岩画,经微腐蚀断代显示,基岩凹穴岩画时代在距今11000年前左右;刻以凹穴岩画的石棚为距今6000年前;史前人面像岩画时代为距今4500～4300年左右。距今6000～4500年前正值海侵上升至最高海平面,亦即当时将军崖史前凹穴和人面像岩画以及巨石石棚的雕凿可能是在海边岩石上进行的,这与整个世界范围内巨石建筑均沿海岸线分布的规律相一致。     

Nuclear necropower: The engineering of death conditions around a nuclear power plant in south India

The article concentrates on the ways people's claim to life, citizenry and democratic dissent were revoked the more they dared to defy and mobilise against a nuclear power plant at Kudankulam in southern India. Building on the literature on biopower and necropower, it is argued that the Indian state is exercising nuclear necropower through the creation of death conditions for subaltern populations as well as their political supporters. These ‘death worlds’ go beyond physical demise to encompass ecological, social and political conditions by which a person's life is diminished. Victims, suspects, and/or targets are geographically, socially and politically created as a consequence of sliding and syncretic subjugations to do with ‘let die’ and ‘make die’. These variegated perspectives might be delineated by way of three overlapping modalities that embed necropower in the politics of the nuclear industries, environment, social hierarchies and state-backed operations to undermine subaltern populations, anti-nuclear activists and environmentalists. The first modality encompasses ecological factors by way of a silent and encroaching death where nuclear industries subject marginalised communities and casual labourers to a life of environmental uncertainty, exploitation and health hazards. The second is the more overt and punitive violence exacted on- and offline in order to contain and extinguish dissent against nuclear power. The third is by way of producing a culture of vilification in terms of strategies designed to malign and outcaste anti-nuclear activists and environmentalists.     

雕塑：博物馆陈列的二度创作

与纯粹的观赏性艺术雕塑相比,博物馆陈列展览中的雕塑在展现题材、艺术方法、运用区域、功能效用、时间概念等方面显示出自身的特点与规律,与它所依托的陈列展览比较,展览雕塑艺术形象的感染力更具持久性。     

近代西藏安全环境与清政府之战略回应(1888—1904)

本文试图利用当代国际政治学相关理论,阐述1888年至1904年西藏面临的安全环境,探讨英、俄两国在西藏的博弈与清政府的被动回应,以及清对西藏安全环境渐次认识和制定的相应安全战略,并对清政府的安全战略进行探讨。